Tekst źródłowy strony Posedarski (ród)

Źródło; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusi%C4%87_family Gusić family]

{| align=right style="margin: 0 0 0 0; text-align: center; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; font-size: 85%; width: 250px;" class=box
|-
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{{Dynastia infobox
 |dynastia               = Posedarski
 |herb                   = Kurjaković armor from Wiener handschrift.jpg
 |kraj                   = * Vassal to [[File:Coat of arms of Croatia 1495.svg|border|18px]] [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]] (1102–1526)* Vassal to [[File:Hungary Arms.svg|18px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (1102–1526) 
 |tytuły                 = [[Župan]], [[Knyaz|Knez]], [[Comes]], [[Count]], [[Graf]], [[Baron]], [[Ban (title)|Ban]]
 |założyciel             = Pavao 
 |ostatni władca         = 
 |obecny władca          = 
 |rok założenia          = 11th century
 |rok rozwiązania        = 
 |rok złożenia z funkcji = 1671
 |etniczność             = chorwacka
 |dynastia macierzysta   = 
 |gniazda                = 
 |gałęzie                = 
}}
|}


{{Infobox noble house
| surname              = Gusić
| type                 = [[Croats|Croatian]] & [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] [[noble family]]
| coat of arms         = Kurjaković armor from Wiener handschrift.jpg
| coat_of_arms_size    = 200px
| coat_of_arms_caption = Coat of arms from ''Wiener handschrift'' (1410)
| country              = 
* Vassal to [[File:Coat of arms of Croatia 1495.svg|border|18px]] [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]] (1102–1526)
* Vassal to [[File:Hungary Arms.svg|18px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (1102–1526) 
| etymology      = Guska ([[Croatian language|Croatian]]): "goose"
| founding year  = 11th century
| titles         = [[Župan]], [[Knyaz|Knez]], [[Comes]], [[Count]], [[Graf]], [[Baron]], [[Ban (title)|Ban]]
| traditions     = [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]
| cadet branches = {{Collapsible list|Posedarski, [[Kurjaković family|Kurjaković]], Turanski, Izačić, Oštriharić, Krčelić}}
| estate         = {{Collapsible list|[[Posedarje]], [[Krbava]]}}
}}

The '''Gusić''' family, also known as '''Gušić''',  was one of the [[Twelve noble tribes of Croatia|twelve noble tribes]] of the [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]], mentioned in the [[Pacta conventa (Croatia)|Pacta conventa]]. They originated from the hinterland of [[Biograd na Moru|Biograd]] in the medieval [[Counties of Croatia#History|Luka and Sidraga županija]]s, where are recorded at least since the 11th century. Their main regions of influence were [[Krbava]] and [[Gacka]], where they often served as [[župan]]s and [[knyaz|knez]]es at least since the early 13th century. In the 14th century branched Posedarski who seated in [[Posedarje]], and [[Kurjaković family|Kurjakovići]] who as magnates managed to gather much wealth and have high official positions at the Hungarian royal court as well two of their members became [[Ban of Croatia]]. As experienced warriors, they actively participated in the [[Croatian–Ottoman wars|Croatian–Ottoman]] and late [[Ottoman–Venetian Wars]]. Direct descendants of the tribe with the surname Gusić, and possibly Gušić,{{refn|group="nb"|It is unclear whether people with the surname variation Gušić descend from the Gusić tribe as the surname is present in [[Montenegro]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Milićević|first=Risto|title=Hercegovačka prezimena|year=2005|language=Serbian|publisher=Svet knjige|location=Beograd|page=368|isbn=9788673960845}}</ref> possibly from the [[Rovčani]] tribe.<ref>{{cite book|last=Karadžić|first=Stojan|title=Drobnjak, porodice u Drobnjaku i njihovo porijeklo: Drobnjak, Jezera, Uskoci i Šaranci|year=1995|language=Serbian|publisher=IŠ "Stručna knjiga"|location=Beograd}}</ref> The relationship to Dobrašin Gušić (1412), and Miobrat Gušić (1424) from [[Popovo (župa)|Popovo]] in [[Herzegovina]] who served nobleman [[Nikolić noble family|Grgur Nikolić]], is also unknown.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kurtović|first=Esad|title=Iz povijesti dubrovačkog zaleđa|trans-title=From history of the hinterland of Dubrovnik|url=https://www.academia.edu/35785813/Esad_Kurtovi%C4%87_Iz_povijesti_dubrova%C4%8Dkoga_zale%C4%91a_Ogranak_Matice_hrvatske_u_Dubrovniku_Biblioteka_Pro%C5%A1lost_i_sada%C5%A1njost_51_Dubrovnik_2018_str._247|year=2018|language=Serbo-Croatian|publisher=[[Matica hrvatska]]|location=Dubrovnik|page=123–124|isbn=978-953-7784-57-7}}</ref>}} live even today in Croatia and Slovenia.<ref name="Ljubović2001">{{cite book|last=Ljubović|first=Enver|title=Grbovi plemstva Gacke i Like|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZNxAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Adamić|isbn=978-953-6531-75-2|page=136}}</ref><ref name="Ljubović2003">{{cite book|last=Ljubović|first=Enver|title=Grbovi plemstva Like, Gacke i Krbave|year=2003|publisher=Megrad|isbn=953-99305-0-2|page=191–192}}</ref>

== Coat of arms ==
[[File:Gusić armor from Opus insignium armorumque.jpg|left|thumb|The family's coat of arms (top right, bottom), from ''Opus insignium armorumque'' (1687–1688) by [[Johann Weikhard von Valvasor]].]]
Their heraldry appeared at least in 1278 (or 1367<ref name="TSCOD65"/>), and is one of the oldest Croatian coat of arms with a signature of a noble family.<ref name="VMazuranic"/> The faint trace of the seal of ''Gregorii comitis Corbauienssis'' had an image of a [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|shield]] with a goose and outside of it two [[dragons]].<ref name="Ljubović2001"/><ref name="Ljubović2003"/><ref name="TSCOD65">{{citation |url=http://dizbi.hazu.hr/object/1276 |language=Latin, Serbo-Croatian |last=Smičiklas |first=Tadija |author-link=Tadija Smičiklas |title=Diplomata annorum 1201–1235. continens |year=1905 |journal=Diplomatički zbornik Kraljevine Hrvatske, Dalmacije i Slavonije |publisher=JAZU |location=Zagreb |volume=3 |pages=65 |quote=...et quia inueni ipsum non abolitum, non abrasum, nec in aliqua sui parte vitiatum, set omni prorsus uitio et sinistra suspectione carentem, cum sigillo in cordula quadam appensione munitum inpressa cum cera alba in cera similiter alba in cuius medii sigilli erat sculptus quidam clipeus, in quo clipeo erat sculpta una anca siue anser, in lateritiis ab extra dicti clipei erant sculpti duo dracones, in circuitu uero dicti sigilli litere legebantur; Gregorii comitis Corbauienssis... Et hoc factum est sub anno tlomini millesimo trecentessimo sexagessimo septimo}}</ref> According to heraldist [[:hr:Bartol Zmajić|Bartol Zmajić]], initially it probably had a [[Gules|red]] shield on which are three horizontal silver [[Bar (heraldry)|bars]] and on the top of it a [[Crown (heraldry)|crown]]ed goose. These characteristics as a symbol of ancestry can be found in the coat of arms of younger noble families Izačić and Oštriharić.<ref>{{citation |last=Zmajić |first=Bartol |date=1945 |title=Razvitak heraldike u banskoj Hrvatskoj |publisher=Vjesnik Hrvatskog državnog arhiva |volume=XI |language=Serbo-Croatian |pages=43–58}}</ref>

The earliest depiction of Kurjaković's coat of arms is from German armorials ''Wiener handschrift'', where is included in 1410 COA of Graff Karl Kurjaković the Ban of Dalmatia and Croatia, and ''Livro de Arautor'' written and painted by an anonymous Portuguese herald between 1416–1417, where is included COA of Graff Thomas Kurjaković.<ref name="Amer"/> According to them the coat of arms was red with three or four silver diagonal-horizontal bars, on the first upper bar standing a goose, sometimes gold-reinforced and crowned. The [[Helmet (heraldry)|helmet]] is [[Argent|silver]], the [[Mantling|mantle]] is red, with ornamental having a standing goose, sometimes crowned, on a golden crown. In the first had a small chain link with a certain alliance coat of arms with a [[Lion (heraldry)|lion]], and there was a shaved wreath-shaped sign with possibly a dragon.<ref>{{cite book |author=Eva-Katharin Ledel |date=2017 |title=Die Wiener Handschrift des Wappenbuchs von Sankt Christoph auf dem Arlberg. |publisher=University of Vienna |page=366–367}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |date=2011 |title=The Herald's Book al. Livro de Arautos al. De ministerio armorum: An armorial of the Council of Constance 1414–1418 by an anonymous Portuguese herald |url=http://www.armorial.dk/german/Arautos.pdf |publisher=Manchester, John Rylands University Library Ms. Latin 28 |page=3, 16 |editor1-last=Clemmensen |editor1-first=Steen}}</ref> The family's heraldry is also described in the Jörg Rugen's ''Wappenbuch'' from 1493–1499, as belonging to the Graff von Krawaten.<ref>{{cite book |date=2013 |title=Jörg Rugens Wappenbuch |url=http://www.armorial.dk/german/RugenWB.pdf |publisher=Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek für Tirol in Innsbruck |page=180 |editor1-last=Clemmensen |editor1-first=Steen}}</ref> In 1492 and 1527, Kurjaković's also on their seal had a goose inside a shield, with the one from 1492 more detailed having three bars and on the upper, a crowned goose facing right with a crown around a neck.<ref name="VMazuranic"/>

Due to this marriage relationships, the coat of arms of both Kurjaković and [[Lapčan family]] was united and by female line became part of the Austrian-Bavarian noble family of [[Sinzendorf]] since the 17th century.<ref name="Amer"/> Since 1646 the coat of arms can be also found engraved at [[University of Padua]] as a memory of Nikola Posedarski's University's studying.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315}} Several variations of the coat of arms of [[Carniola]]n noble branch, and as part of complex COA of noble families Sizendorf and Saleburg, featured in ''Opus insignium armorumque'' (1687–1688) by [[Johann Weikhard von Valvasor]].<ref name="Amer"/> One of the variations, with two dragons outside the shield and inside it a goose with a crown on head, neck, and feet, was described by Samuel Timon in 1736 and allegedly was on the tombstone of [[Ivan Karlović]] (died 1531).<ref name="Amer"/> The Gusić family coat of arms also featured on the left side of COA of the former [[Lika-Krbava County]] (1881–1920) of [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]].

== Posedarski branch ==
In 1194, the nobles Albus Slavogost and Dragoslav of Krbava,{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=73}} received a grant by [[Béla III of Hungary]] with estates in [[Posedarje]].{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=311, 320}} In 1219, the grant was confirmed by King [[Andrew II of Hungary]], and Slavogost is again mentioned in 1249 and 1251 grants by Ban Stjepan and King [[Béla IV of Hungary]].{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=311}} From him originated the branch.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=74}} Since the 14th century the family branch started calling themselves as Posdearski ("of Posedarje"), and have gained some estates in the city of Zadar.{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (II)}} In 1396, Stjepan son of Petar Posedarski bought for 3,000 [[florin]]s Kačina Gorica, Suhovare, Grgurice and Krnica from [[Kačić family|Mihovil Kačić]].{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=88, 311–312, 320}} 

The power of the family of ''Possidaria'' or ''de Posedarya'',{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=311}} was based on a rich economy and military, which lasted until the end of the 18th century. They were influential to the formation and command of an elite Croatian cavalry unit called as ''Cro(v)ati a cavallo'' or ''Cavalleria Croata'' which was used since the 15th century by the Republic of Venice in resistance against the Ottoman army forces.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=98–99}} Since the 15th century they actively fought as vassals of the Republic of Venice against the Ottomans, especially in the hinterland of Zadar.{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (II)}} Venetians called them into military service with high military title of [[colonel]] who commanded over all the officers, [[Serdar (Ottoman rank)|serdar]]s, and [[harambaša]]s, even replaced Venetian [[Provveditore]] Generale.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=321}}

In the 15th century, in 1495 count Juraj Posedarski of captain Petar helped [[Mogorović family|Tomo Mogorović]] saving his brother Martin Mogorović from the Ottoman slavery by selling part of own estates, and was defending [[Obrovac, Croatia|Obrovac]] when it fell to the Ottomans in 1527.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=95, 312}} In the 16th century, in 1541 Vid Posedarski was a commander of Croatian cavalrymen in Venetian forces, as well commander of ''Croati a cavallo'' of the fraternity of St. Jeronim.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=312}} Later captains and commanders of the cavalry unit were Frane (1561, 1571; deceased 1588), Gašpar (1587–89; deceased 1613), Juraj (1594; deceased c. 1625), Petar (1594), Marko (1608), Šimun (1645; deceased 1652), Frane (1643; deceased c. 1666), Pavao (1709), Ivan Petar (1716), and Petar (1730-1760s; deceased 1771).{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=99, 313–317}}

During the [[Cretan War (1645–1669)]] and [[Morean War]] (1684–1699) between the [[Republic of Venice]] and Ottoman Empire, the most prominent was count and colonel Frane of Gašpar Posedarski.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315, 321}} He was appointed as the army commander of that area by Provveditore Generale in Dalmatia, [[Leonardo Foscolo]], and fought alongside [[Morlachs (Venetian irregulars)|Morlachian leaders]] like [[Smiljanić family|Petar Smiljanić]], [[Vuk Mandušić]], Stjepan Sorić and others.{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (II)}}{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=125}} He participated in defence and conquest of [[Novigrad, Zadar County|Novigrad]] (1646–1647), liberation of [[Fortress of Klis#Venetian domination|Klis Fortress]] (1648), and died 1670.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315}} He was mentioned in several epic verses of ''Razgovor ugodni naroda slovinskog'' (1756) by [[Andrija Kačić Miošić]], where is described as a "mighty knight".{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=127}} His brother Juraj was a captain and count, who as a warrior and commander of the Morlach army participated in the liberation of Učitelja Vas, [[Islam Latinski]] and [[Ravni Kotari]]. After his death in 1679,{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315}} the commander became [[Stojan Janković]], while his son Frane of Juraj became the governor of Nin as well the new colonel of Venetian forces. Frane died in 1717, with the last male descendant being his son count Petar Posedarski, the governor and colonel who led the seigniory from 1730 until his death in 1771.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=316–317}}

The last direct descendant was the princess Domenika, daughter of Petar Posedarski, who married nobleman Josip Benja, with all the estates then owned by the noble family Benja-Posedarski from Zadar whose rights were confirmed by the government in Vienna in 1822. However, since the late 19th century due to agrarian reforms and especially 1940s, they have lost ownership over the estates.{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (II)}} The branch perished with counts Antun (dec. 1952) and Darinka Benja Posedarski (née Pavličević, dec. 1975) who did not have any descendants.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=317–318, 322}}

=== Notable members ===
*Stjepan Posedarski (15th-16th century), a [[Renaissance humanism|humanist]], [[chaplain]] and envoy of [[Ivan Karlović]], who in his work wrote about the difficulties Croats faced after the [[Battle of Krbava Field]] (1493) with the anti-Ottoman sentiment, specifically in his ''Oratio'' (1519) to [[Pope Leo X]].{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=96–97, 312}}<ref name="Fine2010">{{cite book|author=John V. A. (Jr.) Fine|title=When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C|date=2010|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=0-472-02560-0|page=191}}</ref><ref name="ThomasChesworth2015">{{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=David|last2=Chesworth|first2=John A.|title=Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History.: Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500–1600)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nohjCgAAQBAJ|date=2015|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-29848-4|pages=492, 499, 513}}</ref><ref name="Špoljarić2016">{{cite book|last=Špoljarić|first=Luka|title=Portraying the Prince in the Renaissance: The Humanist Depiction of Rulers in Historiographical and Biographical Texts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0NbDAAAQBAJ|year=2016|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-047337-7|pages=137, 143–145|chapter=Illyrian Trojans in a Turkish Storm: Croatian Renaissance Lords and the Politics of Dynastic Origin Myths}}</ref>
*Martin Posedarski (mid-16th century-1601), a count who since 1590 lived in [[Senj]], participated in the [[Battle of Klis (1596)]] and dissatisfied with Venetian military policy against Ottomans permanently joined [[Uskoks]] from Senj as their military commander.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=313}} In 1599 with 500 soldiers and 17 Uskok ships in the port of [[Rovinj]] captured 9 Venetian [[Galley]]s, because of which was executed by Austrian general Josip Rabatta in 1601.<ref>{{citation |title=Posedarski, Martin |url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=49645 |author=[[Croatian Encyclopaedia]] |year=2011}}</ref>
*Frane Posedarski (died 1670), count and colonel who fought during the [[Cretan War (1645–1669)]] and [[Morean War]] (1684–1699).{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315}}

== See also ==
*[[Croatian nobility]]
*[[Twelve noble tribes of Croatia]]
*[[List of noble families of Croatia]]

== Annotations ==
{{Reflist|group="nb"}}

== References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Reflist|2}}

=== Sources ===
*{{citation |title=Gusići |url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=23832 |author=[[Croatian Encyclopaedia]] |year=2011}}
*{{citation |title=Posedarski |url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=49644 |author=[[Croatian Encyclopaedia]] |year=2011}}
*{{citation |title=Kurjakovići |url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=34738 |author=[[Croatian Encyclopaedia]] |year=2011}}
*{{citation |url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=8263 |language=Croatian |last=Ćošković |first=Pejo |title=Gusići |encyclopedia=[[Croatian Biographical Lexicon]] (HBL) |year=2002 |publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute]]}}
*{{citation |last=Kidrič |first=Francè |title=Gusič |url=https://www.slovenska-biografija.si/rodbina/sbi219926/ |work=Slovenska biografija |publisher=Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Znanstvenoraziskovalni center [[SAZU]] |year=2013}}
*{{citation |url=http://dizbi.hazu.hr/object/10210 |language=Serbo-Croatian |last=Klaić |first=Vjekoslav |author-link=Vjekoslav Klaić |title=Hrvatska plemena od XII. do XVI. stoljeća |trans-title=Croatian tribes from 12th until 16th century |year=1897 |journal=Rad |publisher=JAZU |location=Zagreb |issue=47 |pages=1–85}}
*{{citation |url=http://dizbi.hazu.hr/object/11163 |language=Serbo-Croatian |last=Klaić |first=Vjekoslav |author-link=Vjekoslav Klaić |title=Rodoslovje knezova Krbavskih od plemena Gusić |trans-title=Geneaology of Counts of Krbava from the tribe of Gusić |year=1898 |journal=Rad |publisher=JAZU |location=Zagreb |issue=49 |pages=191–214}}
*{{citation |last1=Magaš |first1=Damir |last2=Brtan |first2=Josip |year=2015 |title=Prostor i vrijeme knezova Posedarskih: Zemljopisna obilježja i povijesni razvoj Općine Posedarje: Posedarje, Slivnica, Vinjerac, Podgradina, Islam Latinski, Ždrilo i Grgurice |trans-title=The Space and the Time of Posedarski Counts: Geographic Features and Historic Development of Posedarje Municipality: Posedarje, Slivnica, Vinjerac, Podgradina, Islam Latinski, Ždrilo and Grgurice |url=http://bib.irb.hr/prikazi-rad?rad=773222 |language=Croatian |location=Zadar |publisher=Sveučilište u Zadru, Centar za istraživanje krša i priobalja, Odjel za geografiju, Hrvatsko geografsko društvo Zadar |isbn=978-953-331-059-6}}
*{{citation |url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=6996 |language=Croatian |last=Majnarić |first=Ivan|title=Kurjakovići (Krbavski knezovi, Kurjaković Krbavski) |encyclopedia=[[Croatian Biographical Lexicon]] (HBL) |year=2013 |publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute]]}}
*{{citation |url=http://dizbi.hazu.hr/object/view/13453 |language=Croatian |last=Marković |first=Mirko |title=O etnogenezi stanovništva Like |trans-title=About the Ethonogenesis of the Lika Population |year=1995 |journal=Zbornik za narodni život i običaje |publisher=HAZU |volume=53 |pages=73–190}}

{{Croatian nobility}}
{{Noble kindreds in the Kingdom of Hungary}}

{{SORTUJ:Gusic noble family}}
[[Kategoria:Chorwackie rody szlacheckie]]
[[Kategoria:Chorwaccy szlachcice]]