Banat Ózora: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami
Przejdź do nawigacji
Przejdź do wyszukiwania
| Linia 27: | Linia 27: | ||
<small><small>Its territory stretched roughly from the area of [[Kulaši]] and [[Prnjavor, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Prnjavor]] to its west, to [[Srebrenik]] and [[Lukavac]] to its east, the river [[Sava]] to its north and [[Žepče]] to its south. The [[Banate of Usora]] had many strong fortresses and cities on its territory, the most famous ones being [[Fortress of Doboj|Doboj]] (13th century), [[Srebrenik Fortress|Srebrenik]] (1333), Dobor (1387), Glaz (12th century), Soko (14th century), [[Tešanj Castle|Tešanj]] (14th century), Modrić (13th century), and [[Maglaj Fortress|Maglaj]] (15th century). </small></small> | <small><small>Its territory stretched roughly from the area of [[Kulaši]] and [[Prnjavor, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Prnjavor]] to its west, to [[Srebrenik]] and [[Lukavac]] to its east, the river [[Sava]] to its north and [[Žepče]] to its south. The [[Banate of Usora]] had many strong fortresses and cities on its territory, the most famous ones being [[Fortress of Doboj|Doboj]] (13th century), [[Srebrenik Fortress|Srebrenik]] (1333), Dobor (1387), Glaz (12th century), Soko (14th century), [[Tešanj Castle|Tešanj]] (14th century), Modrić (13th century), and [[Maglaj Fortress|Maglaj]] (15th century). </small></small> | ||
| − | <small><small>Also, due to its geographical location (Pannonian plateau) as the northernmost Bosnian land and its richness, Usora was, more often than not, a most common battleground between the [[Hungarian king|Hungarian kings]] who viewed Banate of Bosnia as vassals to them. Although it was nominally a part of the [[Lands of the Hungarian Crown|Hungarian Crown Lands]], the Banate of Bosnia was a de facto independent state for most of its existence,<ref>{{cite book|url=|title=Paul Mojzes. Religion and the war in Bosnia. Oxford University Press, 2000, p 22; "Medieval Bosnia was founded as an independent state (Banate) by Ban Kulin (1180-1204)."}}</ref>{{sfn|Fine|1994|pp=44, 148}}{{sfn|Vego|1982|pp=44, 148|p=104}} including Usora, which when under Bosnia always retained great autonomy.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ba/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&pg=PA551&lpg=PA551&dq=Ban+of+Slavonia+usora&source=bl&ots=9iSYUyD8tj&sig=ACfU3U123WjRjSIh4QegAbmPFh1935gixA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjO-N7wuofmAhXwy6YKHVgxCtMQ6AEwAnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Usora%20autonomy&f=false|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|last=Fine|first=John V. A.|last2=Fine|first2=John Van Antwerp|date=1994|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-08260-5|language=en}}</ref> | + | <small><small>Also, due to its geographical location (Pannonian plateau) as the northernmost Bosnian land and its richness, Usora was, more often than not, a most common battleground between the [[Hungarian king|Hungarian kings]] who viewed Banate of Bosnia as vassals to them. Although it was nominally a part of the [[Lands of the Hungarian Crown|Hungarian Crown Lands]], the Banate of Bosnia was a de facto independent state for most of its existence,<ref>{{cite book|url=|title=Paul Mojzes. Religion and the war in Bosnia. Oxford University Press, 2000, p 22; "Medieval Bosnia was founded as an independent state (Banate) by Ban Kulin (1180-1204)."}}</ref>{{sfn|Fine|1994|pp=44, 148}}{{sfn|Vego|1982|pp=44, 148|p=104}} including Usora, which when under Bosnia always retained great autonomy.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ba/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&pg=PA551&lpg=PA551&dq=Ban+of+Slavonia+usora&source=bl&ots=9iSYUyD8tj&sig=ACfU3U123WjRjSIh4QegAbmPFh1935gixA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjO-N7wuofmAhXwy6YKHVgxCtMQ6AEwAnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Usora%20autonomy&f=false|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|last=Fine|first=John V. A.|last2=Fine|first2=John Van Antwerp|date=1994|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-08260-5|language=en}}</ref> </small></small> |
| − | Notable battles include Battle of Srebrenik (1363), Battle of Dobor (1394 and 1408), and the [[Battle of Doboj]] (1415). This banate/duchy had been separated several times from the [[Banate of Bosnia]] and later [[Bosnian Kingdom]] in its history mostly by [[Kingdom of Hungary]] which appointed rulers of this region and sometimes attached it to [[Ban of Slavonia|Slavonian Banate]]. Prominent families, as [[Babonići]] had great estates, while the territories were part of Slavonian Banate. | + | |
| − | Bosnian bans and [[List of Bosnian kings|kings]] starting with [[Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia|Stephen II Kotromanić]] from 1324 (who added Usora and Soli to his title)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ba/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|last=Fine|first=John V. A.|last2=Fine|first2=John Van Antwerp|date=1994|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=|isbn=978-0-472-08260-5|location=|pages=277|language=en}}</ref> have started appointing their rulers or had rulers that supported them, ending with the last Duke of Usora, Tvrtko Stančić who died in May 1463 during [[Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ottoman conquest of Bosnia]]. </small></small> | + | <small><small>Notable battles include Battle of Srebrenik (1363), Battle of Dobor (1394 and 1408), and the [[Battle of Doboj]] (1415). This banate/duchy had been separated several times from the [[Banate of Bosnia]] and later [[Bosnian Kingdom]] in its history mostly by [[Kingdom of Hungary]] which appointed rulers of this region and sometimes attached it to [[Ban of Slavonia|Slavonian Banate]]. Prominent families, as [[Babonići]] had great estates, while the territories were part of Slavonian Banate. </small></small> |
| + | |||
| + | <small><small>Bosnian bans and [[List of Bosnian kings|kings]] starting with [[Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia|Stephen II Kotromanić]] from 1324 (who added Usora and Soli to his title)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ba/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|last=Fine|first=John V. A.|last2=Fine|first2=John Van Antwerp|date=1994|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=|isbn=978-0-472-08260-5|location=|pages=277|language=en}}</ref> have started appointing their rulers or had rulers that supported them, ending with the last Duke of Usora, Tvrtko Stančić who died in May 1463 during [[Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ottoman conquest of Bosnia]]. </small></small> | ||
== List of rulers == | == List of rulers == | ||
Wersja z 15:24, 24 lut 2020
| Strona | Autorzy | Nota |
| [1] | [2] | Ten artykuł został przetłumaczony z Wikipedii w języku angielskim. Treści pochodzące z Wikipedii w języku angielskim są oparte na licencji Creative Commons 3.0 – Uznanie Autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach. Kopiując je lub tłumacząc, należy podać ich autorów i udostępnić na tych samych warunkach. |
|
Plik:Bosnia around 1412.png Banate of Usora in the early 15th century Plik:Bascinet helm and medieval sword.jpg Map of medieval Usora with local finds - bascinet helmet and sword (Regional Museum, Doboj) Usora (,) było na wpół niezależnym księstwem (Banate) średniowiecznego państwa bośniackiego, choć miało także pewne okresy poza nim, gdy było połączone z sąsiednimi Banatami Slawonii lub Machvy. Siedzibą administracyjną tego Banatu był Srebrenik, który służył także jako rezydencja jego władców przez cały okres istnienia państwa bośniackiego [1]. Nazwa wzięła się od rzeki Usora. Usora (, ) was a semi-independent duchy (Banate) of the medieval Bosnian state, although it also had some periods outside it, when it was connected with neighbouring Banates of Slavonia or Mačva. The administrative seat of this Banate was Srebrenik, which also served as residence of its rulers for entire period of existence of the medieval Bosnian state.[1] It took its name from the river Usora. Spis treściGeografia i historiaThe region of Usora was first mentioned in a bull (decree) by King Bela IV of Hungary dated 20 July 1244, in which he assigned some properties to the Bishop of Bosnia, naming the territories: quod episeopus (Bosnensis) et capitulum decimas in Vozora, in Sou, in Olfeld et in aliis supis ... habeant et percipiant (Vozora meaning Usora, Sou meaning Soli, and Olfeld meaning Donji Kraji).[2][3] Its territory stretched roughly from the area of Kulaši and Prnjavor to its west, to Srebrenik and Lukavac to its east, the river Sava to its north and Žepče to its south. The Banate of Usora had many strong fortresses and cities on its territory, the most famous ones being Doboj (13th century), Srebrenik (1333), Dobor (1387), Glaz (12th century), Soko (14th century), Tešanj (14th century), Modrić (13th century), and Maglaj (15th century). Also, due to its geographical location (Pannonian plateau) as the northernmost Bosnian land and its richness, Usora was, more often than not, a most common battleground between the Hungarian kings who viewed Banate of Bosnia as vassals to them. Although it was nominally a part of the Hungarian Crown Lands, the Banate of Bosnia was a de facto independent state for most of its existence,[4]{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} including Usora, which when under Bosnia always retained great autonomy.[5] Notable battles include Battle of Srebrenik (1363), Battle of Dobor (1394 and 1408), and the Battle of Doboj (1415). This banate/duchy had been separated several times from the Banate of Bosnia and later Bosnian Kingdom in its history mostly by Kingdom of Hungary which appointed rulers of this region and sometimes attached it to Slavonian Banate. Prominent families, as Babonići had great estates, while the territories were part of Slavonian Banate. Bosnian bans and kings starting with Stephen II Kotromanić from 1324 (who added Usora and Soli to his title)[6] have started appointing their rulers or had rulers that supported them, ending with the last Duke of Usora, Tvrtko Stančić who died in May 1463 during Ottoman conquest of Bosnia. List of rulersSzablon:History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Last Usora rulers after Ottoman conquest of Bosnia in 1463:
From 1322, when Stephen II Kotromanic became a ruler in Bosnia, Usora was part of his realm and included in the titles of all subsequent Bans and kings in Bosnia.
Sources
|
CitationClass=journal
}}
References
|
