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| − | |strona = https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_II_Pi%C4%99kny
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| − | |strona = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_II,_Margrave_of_Austria
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| − | '''Leopold II Piękny''' (ur. [[1050]] - zm. [[12 października]] [[1095]]) – [[Graf (tytuł szlachecki)|margrabia]] [[Marchia Austriacka|Marchii Austriackiej]] w latach 1075-1095.
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| − | Wywodził się z dynastii [[Babenbergowie|Babenbergów]]. Był synem [[Ernest I Mężny|Ernesta I Mężnego]] i jego żony Adelajdy.
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| − | == Linki zewnętrzne ==
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| − | *[https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd137326718.html#ndbcontent Biogram]
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| − | '''Leopold II''' (1050 – 12 October 1095), known as '''Leopold the Fair''' ({{lang-de|Luitpold der Schöne}}), a member of the [[House of Babenberg]],<ref>Lingelbach 1913, p. 90.</ref> was [[List of rulers of Austria|Margrave of Austria]] from 1075 until his death. A supporter of the [[Gregorian Reform]]s, he was one of the main opponents of the German king [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] during the [[Investiture Controversy]].
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| − | ==Life==
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| − | Leopold the Fair was born in 1050, the son of Margrave [[Ernest, Margrave of Austria|Ernest of Austria]] and his wife [[Adelaide of Eilenburg]], the daughter of the [[House of Wettin|Wettin]] margrave [[Dedi I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark|Dedi I of Lusatia]]. His Babenberg ancestors had ruled the [[Margraviate of Austria]] since the appointment of Leopold's great-grandfather [[Leopold I, Margrave of Austria|Leopold I]] in 976.
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| − | Leopold II succeeded as margrave upon his father's death in June 1075, at the time when the Investiture Dispute broke out between King Henry IV and [[Pope Gregory VII]]. He first sided with the German monarch and stayed at his court even after Henry's [[Road to Canossa|Walk to Canossa]] in January 1077. However, he switched sides under the influence of his wife [[Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg|Ida]] and Bishop [[Altmann of Passau]], a loyal supporter of Pope Gregory who was expelled from his diocese by Henry's forces in 1078. Altmann fled to Austria and Margrave Leopold had to face an invasion by royal troops the next year, which led to the final break with the king.
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| − | In summer 1081, while King Henry IV was on campaign in [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]], Leopold backed the election of anti-king Count [[Hermann of Salm]] and convened an Austrian diet at [[Tulln]] where he officially dissociated from Henry. Subsequently, he was declared deposed by the king, who gave the [[Imperial state|Imperial fief]] to his loyal supporter Duke [[Vratislav II of Bohemia]]. The [[Přemyslid dynasty|Přemyslid]] duke invaded Austria and defeated Leopold in the 1082 [[Battle of Mailberg]], from where the margrave narrowly escaped with his life. Ultimately, however, he managed to retain his position, while Vratislav was elevated to a [[List of Bohemian monarchs|King of Bohemia]] in 1085. Leopold lost some territory in Southern [[Moravia]] north of the [[Thaya]] river, ruled by Prince [[Luitpold of Znojmo]], who was, nevertheless, his son-in-law.
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| − | [[File:Leopold II und Sigibold.jpg|thumb|Leopold II and Abbot Sigibold of Melk, ceiling fresco in Melk Abbey, {{circa|1745}}]]
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| − | While Bishop Altmann of Passau stayed in Austria, the margraviate obtained a leading position in promoting the Gregorian Reforms, overruling the concept of [[proprietary church]]es and [[Celibacy|marriages of priests]]. Altmann introduced the [[Cluniac Reforms|Cluniac]] oberservance to [[Kremsmünster Abbey]] and in 1083 established the [[Canons Regular|Augustinian]] monastery of [[Göttweig Abbey|Göttweig]] near [[Krems an der Donau|Krems]]. In 1089 Margrave Leopold helped pay for the construction of [[Melk Abbey]] in the [[Wachau]] region by donating extended premises high above the shore of the [[Danube]] for the new monastery. The ruins of [[Gars am Kamp]] castle, the last margravial residence of Leopold, are {{convert|68|km}} away.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Thunau+am+Kamp,+Austria/Melk+Abbey,+Abt-Berthold-Dietmayr-Straße+1,+3390+Melk,+Austria/@48.3826255,15.4690433,10z/data=!4m8!4m7!1m2!1m1!1s0x477298308bbe1ed1:0x6e066254acd93505!1m2!1m1!1s0x477264473ec4b5af:0xabf949a4b96c1bc1!3e0 |title=Google Map |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2009 |website=Google Maps |publisher=Google |access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref>
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| − | ==Marriage and children==
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| − | In 1065 Leopold married [[Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg|Ida]] (1055–1101), a [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavarian]] countess of [[Vornbach Abbey|Formbach]] (Vornbach). Ida was the daughter of Count Rapoto IV and Matilda and a relative of Archbishop [[Thiemo|Thiemo of Salzburg]]. She is said to have died during the [[Crusade of 1101]]. Leopold and Ida had a son:
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| − | *[[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold III]] (1073–1136), who succeeded his father as Austrian margrave,
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| − | as well as six daughters:
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| − | *Adelaide (d. after 1120), married Count Theoderic II of Formbach
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| − | *Elizabeth (d. 1107), married Margrave [[Ottokar II of Styria]]
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| − | *Gerberga (d. 1142), married Duke [[Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia|Bořivoj II of Bohemia]]
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| − | *Ida, married the Přemyslid prince [[Luitpold of Znojmo]]
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| − | *Euphemia, married Count Conrad I of Peilstein
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| − | *Sophia (d. 1154), married [[Henry of Eppenstein]], Duke of [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]] from 1090 to 1122, and secondly Count Sieghard X of Burghausen.
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| − | ==References==
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| − | ;Citations
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| − | {{reflist}}
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| − | ;Bibliography
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| − | {{refbegin}}
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| − | * {{cite book|last=Beller |first=Steven |title=A Concise History of Austria |url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00stev |url-access=registration |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |year=2007 |isbn=978-0521478861}}
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| − | * {{cite book|last=Brooke |first=Z. N. |title=A History of Europe: From 911 to 1198 |url=https://archive.org/details/AHistoryOfEuropeFrom911to1198 |publisher=Methuen & Company Ltd |location=London |year=1938 |isbn=978-1443740708}}
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| − | * {{cite book|last=Lechner |first=Karl |title=Die Babenberger: Markgrafen und Herzoge von Österreich 976–1246 |publisher=Böhlau |location=Vienna |year=1976 |isbn=978-3205085089}}
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| − | * {{cite book|last=Leeper |first=Alexander W. |title=History of Medieval Austria |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |year=1941 |isbn=978-0404153472}}
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| − | * {{cite book|last=Lingelbach |first=William E. |title=The History of Nations: Austria-Hungary |publisher=P. F. Collier & Son Company |location=New York |year=1913 |isbn= |asin=B000L3E368}}
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| − | * {{cite book|last=Pohl |first=Walter |title=Die Welt der Babenberger |publisher=Verlag Styria |location=Graz |year=1995 |isbn=978-3222123344}}
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| − | * {{cite book |last=Rickett |first=Richard |title=A Brief Survey of Austrian History |publisher=Prachner |location=Vienna |year=1985 |isbn=978-3853670019 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/briefsurveyofaus00rick }}
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| − | * {{cite book|last=Wegener |first=Wilhelm |title=Genealogischen Tafeln zur mitteleuropäischen Geschichte |publisher=Verlag Degener |location=Vienna |year=1965 |isbn=}}
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| − | {{refend}}
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | {{commons category|Leopold II, Margrave of Austria}}
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| − | * [http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.l/l516666.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en Leopold II. Liutpold, Babenberger-Markgraf] at [http://www.aeiou.at/ AEIOU]
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| − | {{S-start}}
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| − | {{s-hou|[[House of Babenberg]]||1050||1095}}
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| − | {{s-bef|before=[[Ernest, Margrave of Austria|Ernest]]}}
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| − | {{s-ttl|title=[[List of rulers of Austria|Margrave of Austria]]|years=1075–1095}}
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| − | {{s-aft|after=[[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold III]]}}
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| − | {{s-end}}
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| − | {{Władca infobox
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| − | |władca = Leopold II Piękny
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| − | |imiona =
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| − | |tytulatura =
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| − | |grafika = Herzog Leopold II. Babenberg.jpg
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| − | |opis grafiki =
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| − | |herb =
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| − | |opis herbu =
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| − | |faksymile =
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| − | |opis faksymile =
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| − | |dewiza =
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| − | |1. tytuł = [[Władcy Austrii|margrabia Austrii]]
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| − | |1. od = [[1075]]
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| − | |1. do = [[12 października]] [[1095]]
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| − | |1. koronacja =
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| − | |1. poprzednik =
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| − | |1. następca =
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| − | |dynastia = [[Babenbergowie]]
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| − | |data urodzenia = [[1050]]
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| − | |miejsce urodzenia =
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| − | |data śmierci = [[12 października]] [[1095]]
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| − | |miejsce śmierci =
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| − | |przyczyna śmierci =
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| − | |miejsce spoczynku =
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| − | |ojciec = [[Ernest I Mężny]]
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| − | |matka = Adelajda Miśnieńska
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| − | |rodzeństwo =
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| − | |1. związek = żona
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| − | |1. związek z = [[Ida von Formbach-Ratelnberg]]
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| − | |1. związek od =
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| − | |1. związek do =
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| − | |1. dzieci = [[Leopold III Święty]]
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| − | |odznaczenia =
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| − | |commons = Category:Leopold II, Margrave of Austria
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| − | |wikiźródła =
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| − | |wikicytaty =
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| − | [[Kategoria:Babenbergowie]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Władcy Austrii]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1050]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Zmarli w 1095]] | |
