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{{eastern name order|Werbőczy István}}
 
{{eastern name order|Werbőczy István}}
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'''István Werbőczy''' or '''Stephen Werbőcz''' (also spelled ''Verbőczy;'' 1458?{{Sfn|Kármán and Kunčević|2013|p = 68}} – 1541) was a [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] legal theorist and statesman, author of the Hungarian Customary Law, who first became known as a legal scholar and theologian of such eminence that he was appointed to accompany alongside [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|emperor Charles V]] to [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], to take up the cudgels against [[Martin Luther]].
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István Werbőczy lub Stephen Werbőcz (także pis. Verbőczy; 1458? [1] - 1541) był węgierskim teoretykiem prawa i mężem stanu, autorem węgierskiego prawa zwyczajowego, który po raz pierwszy stał się znany jako prawnik i teolog tak poważny, że został mianowany towarzyszyć cesarzowi Karolowi V w Worms, walczyć z pałkami przeciwko Marcinowi Luterowi. W liście tym papież Klemens VII również chwalił Werbőczy jako uczonego za jego wzniosłość w prawie kanonicznym i teologii podczas sporu Werbőczy z Martinem Lutherem na diecie cesarskiej w Norymberdze. [2]
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<small><small><small><small>'''István Werbőczy''' or '''Stephen Werbőcz''' (also spelled ''Verbőczy;'' 1458?{{Sfn|Kármán and Kunčević|2013|p = 68}} &ndash; 1541) was a [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] legal theorist and statesman, author of the Hungarian Customary Law, who first became known as a legal scholar and theologian of such eminence that he was appointed to accompany alongside [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|emperor Charles V]] to [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], to take up the cudgels against [[Martin Luther]]. </small></small></small></small>
  
 
==Life==
 
==Life==
 
[[File:Tripartitum 1574.jpg|thumb|left|His influential work: ''[[Tripartitum]]'']]
 
[[File:Tripartitum 1574.jpg|thumb|left|His influential work: ''[[Tripartitum]]'']]
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He began his political career as the deputy of [[Ugocsa County]] to the [[Diet (assembly)|diet]] of 1498, where his eloquence and scholarship had a great effect in procuring the extension of the privileges of the gentry and the exclusion of all foreign competitors for the Hungarian throne in future elections. He was the spokesman and leader of the gentry against the magnates and prelates at the diets of 1500, 1501 and 1505. At the last diet he insisted, in his petition to the king, that the law should be binding upon all the gentry alike, and firmly established in the minds of the people the principle of a national monarchy.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
 
  
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The most striking proof of his popularity at this time is the fact that the diet voted him two [[Denarius|denarii]] per hearth for his services in 1505, a circumstance unexampled in Hungarian history. In 1517 Werbőczy was appointed the guardian of the infant [[Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia|Louis II]], and was sent on a foreign mission to solicit the aid of [[Christianity|Christendom]] against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]]. On his return he found the strife of parties fiercer than ever and the whole country in a state of anarchy.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
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He began his political career as the deputy of Ugocsa County to the Hungarian diet of 1498, in which his eloquence and scholarship had a great effect in procuring the extension of the privileges of the gentry and the exclusion of all foreign competitors for the Hungarian throne in future elections. He was the spokesman and leader of the gentry against the magnates and prelates at the diets of 1500, 1501 and 1505. At the last diet he insisted, in his petition to the king, that the law should be binding upon all the gentry alike, and firmly established in the minds of the people the principle of a national monarchy.[3]
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<small><small><small><small>He began his political career as the deputy of [[Ugocsa County]] to the [[Diet (assembly)|diet]] of 1498, where his eloquence and scholarship had a great effect in procuring the extension of the privileges of the gentry and the exclusion of all foreign competitors for the Hungarian throne in future elections. He was the spokesman and leader of the gentry against the magnates and prelates at the diets of 1500, 1501 and 1505. At the last diet he insisted, in his petition to the king, that the law should be binding upon all the gentry alike, and firmly established in the minds of the people the principle of a national monarchy.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} </small></small></small></small>
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The most striking proof of his popularity at this time is the fact that the diet voted him two denarii per hearth for his services in 1505, a circumstance unexampled in Hungarian history. In 1517 Werbőczy was appointed the guardian of the infant Louis II, and was sent on a foreign mission to solicit the aid of Christendom against the Turks. On his return he found the strife of parties fiercer than ever and the whole country in a state of anarchy.[3]
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<small><small><small><small>The most striking proof of his popularity at this time is the fact that the diet voted him two [[Denarius|denarii]] per hearth for his services in 1505, a circumstance unexampled in Hungarian history. In 1517 Werbőczy was appointed the guardian of the infant [[Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia|Louis II]], and was sent on a foreign mission to solicit the aid of [[Christianity|Christendom]] against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]]. On his return he found the strife of parties fiercer than ever and the whole country in a state of anarchy.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} </small></small></small></small>
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Podczas diety Hatvana, 25 czerwca 1525 r., Wygłosił orację pojednawczą, która tak wpłynęła na zgromadzenie, że wybrał go na podniebienie. Przez krótki czas sprawowali ten urząd, bezinteresownie i odważnie usiłowali służyć zarówno królowi, jak i ludowi, poniżając dumę magnatów, którzy byli przede wszystkim odpowiedzialni za zniszczenie królestwa. Został jednak zdeponowany na poniższej diecie i wycofał się z życia publicznego aż do wyboru Jánosa Szapolijasza, który zrealizował swoją teorię króla narodowego i od którego przyjął stanowisko kanclerza. Teraz poświęcił się całkowicie studium prawoznawstwa, a rezultatem jego pracy był słynny Opus tripartitum juris consuetudinarii inclyti regni hungariae (potocznie zwany po prostu Tripartitum), de facto praworządność Węgier do 1848 r. - chociaż jeszcze w 1945 r. Niektóre prawa spadkowe były nadal regulowane przez tę pracę [3].
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<small><small><small><small>At the diet of [[Hatvan]], on 25 June 1525, he delivered a reconciliatory oration which so affected the assembly that it elected him palatine. During the brief time he held that office, he unselfishly and courageously endeavoured to serve both king and people by humbling the pride of the magnates who were primarily responsible for the dilapidation of the realm. But he was deposed at the following diet, and retired from public life until the election of [[János Szapolyai]], who realized his theory of a national king and from whom he accepted the chancellorship. He now devoted himself entirely to the study of [[jurisprudence]], and the result of his labors was the famous ''Opus tripartitum juris consuetudinarii inclyti regni hungariae'' (short form: [[Tripartitum]]), which was the de facto law-book of Hungary until 1848, but in 1945 some laws of inheritence were still regulated by this work.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} </small></small></small></small>
  
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At the diet of [[Hatvan]], on 25 June 1525, he delivered a reconciliatory oration which so affected the assembly that it elected him palatine. During the brief time he held that office, he unselfishly and courageously endeavoured to serve both king and people by humbling the pride of the magnates who were primarily responsible for the dilapidation of the realm. But he was deposed at the following diet, and retired from public life until the election of [[János Szapolyai]], who realized his theory of a national king and from whom he accepted the chancellorship. He now devoted himself entirely to the study of [[jurisprudence]], and the result of his labors was the famous ''Opus tripartitum juris consuetudinarii inclyti regni hungariae'' (short form: [[Tripartitum]]), which was the de facto law-book of Hungary until 1848, but in 1945 some laws of inheritence were still regulated by this work.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
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Pełny łaciński tekst Werbőczy's Tripartitum (wydrukowany przez Singrenius w 1517 r.) Został opublikowany jako Prawo zwyczajowe renomowanego Królestwa Węgier: dzieło z trzech części, „Tripartitum” = Tripartitum opus iuris consuetudinarii inclyti regni WĘGRY; pod redakcją i tłumaczeniem: János M. Bak, Péter Banyó i Martyn Rady; ze wstępnym opracowaniem László Pétera; Schlacks i CEU Press, Idyllwild, Kalifornia i Budapeszt, 2005.
  
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The full Latin text (with English translation) of Werbőczy's ''Tripartitum'' (as printed by Singrenius in 1517) is now published as ''The customary law of the renowned Kingdom of Hungary: a work in three parts, the "Tripartitum" = Tripartitum opus iuris consuetudinarii inclyti regni Hungariæ''; edited and translated by János M. Bak, Péter Banyó, and [[Martyn Rady]]; with an introductory study by [[László Péter]]; Schlacks and CEU Press, Idyllwild, CA, and Budapest, 2005.
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<small><small><small><small>The full Latin text (with English translation) of Werbőczy's ''Tripartitum'' (as printed by Singrenius in 1517) is now published as ''The customary law of the renowned Kingdom of Hungary: a work in three parts, the "Tripartitum" = Tripartitum opus iuris consuetudinarii inclyti regni Hungariæ''; edited and translated by János M. Bak, Péter Banyó, and [[Martyn Rady]]; with an introductory study by [[László Péter]]; Schlacks and CEU Press, Idyllwild, CA, and Budapest, 2005. </small></small></small></small>
  
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==References==
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== Przypisy ==
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{{reflist|3}}
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{{izvori}}
 
;Attribution
 
;Attribution
 
*{{EB1911|wstitle = Verbóczy, Istvan |volume=27 }}
 
*{{EB1911|wstitle = Verbóczy, Istvan |volume=27 }}
  
 
== Bibliography ==
 
== Bibliography ==
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*{{Cite book|title = The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries|last = Kármán|first = Gábor|publisher = Brill|year = 2013|isbn = 9789004246065|location = Leiden|ref = Harv|last2 = Kunčević|first2 = Lovro}}{{S-start}}
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* Kármán, Gábor; Kunčević, Lovro (2013). ''The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries''. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004246065.
  
 
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Wersja z 13:10, 25 cze 2020

Strona Autorzy Nota
[1] [2] Ten artykuł został przetłumaczony z Wikipedii w języku angielskim. Treści pochodzące z Wikipedii w języku angielskim są oparte na licencji Creative Commons 3.0 – Uznanie Autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach. Kopiując je lub tłumacząc, należy podać ich autorów i udostępnić na tych samych warunkach.
Poprzednik: Palatyn Królestwa Węgier
(24 czerwca 1525 - kwiecień 1526) 		Następca:
Báthori VII. István Báthori VII. István

István Werbőczy

— Palatyn Królestwa Węgier —
Plik:Verbőczy István.jpg
Werbőczy István signature.jpg
Werbőczy István signature.jpg
Palatyn Królestwa Węgier
Okres od 24 czerwca 1525
do kwiecień 1526
Poprzednik Báthori VII. István
Następca Báthori VII. István
Dane biograficzne
Ród Werbőczy
Pochodzenie węgierskie
Państwo Królestwo Węgier
w unii personalnej
z Królestwem Chorwacji
Urodziny ok.1458
Miejsce Verbőc, Kingdom of Hungary (today: Verbovec, Ukraine)
Śmierć 13 października 1541
Miejsce Budin, Budin Eyalet, Ottoman Hungary
(today: Budapest, Hungary)
Ojciec Werbőczy Osvát
Matka Deák Apollónia
Żona from Szobi family
Dzieci Imre, Erzsébet ??
Żona Hercegh Katalin
Żona Surányi Anna



István Werbőczy lub Stephen Werbőcz (także pis. Verbőczy; 1458? [1] - 1541) był węgierskim teoretykiem prawa i mężem stanu, autorem węgierskiego prawa zwyczajowego, który po raz pierwszy stał się znany jako prawnik i teolog tak poważny, że został mianowany towarzyszyć cesarzowi Karolowi V w Worms, walczyć z pałkami przeciwko Marcinowi Luterowi. W liście tym papież Klemens VII również chwalił Werbőczy jako uczonego za jego wzniosłość w prawie kanonicznym i teologii podczas sporu Werbőczy z Martinem Lutherem na diecie cesarskiej w Norymberdze. [2] 

István Werbőczy or Stephen Werbőcz (also spelled Verbőczy; 1458?{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} – 1541) was a Hungarian legal theorist and statesman, author of the Hungarian Customary Law, who first became known as a legal scholar and theologian of such eminence that he was appointed to accompany alongside emperor Charles V to Worms, to take up the cudgels against Martin Luther.

Life

Plik:Tripartitum 1574.jpg
His influential work: Tripartitum

He began his political career as the deputy of Ugocsa County to the Hungarian diet of 1498, in which his eloquence and scholarship had a great effect in procuring the extension of the privileges of the gentry and the exclusion of all foreign competitors for the Hungarian throne in future elections. He was the spokesman and leader of the gentry against the magnates and prelates at the diets of 1500, 1501 and 1505. At the last diet he insisted, in his petition to the king, that the law should be binding upon all the gentry alike, and firmly established in the minds of the people the principle of a national monarchy.[3] 

He began his political career as the deputy of Ugocsa County to the diet of 1498, where his eloquence and scholarship had a great effect in procuring the extension of the privileges of the gentry and the exclusion of all foreign competitors for the Hungarian throne in future elections. He was the spokesman and leader of the gentry against the magnates and prelates at the diets of 1500, 1501 and 1505. At the last diet he insisted, in his petition to the king, that the law should be binding upon all the gentry alike, and firmly established in the minds of the people the principle of a national monarchy.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

The most striking proof of his popularity at this time is the fact that the diet voted him two denarii per hearth for his services in 1505, a circumstance unexampled in Hungarian history. In 1517 Werbőczy was appointed the guardian of the infant Louis II, and was sent on a foreign mission to solicit the aid of Christendom against the Turks. On his return he found the strife of parties fiercer than ever and the whole country in a state of anarchy.[3] 

The most striking proof of his popularity at this time is the fact that the diet voted him two denarii per hearth for his services in 1505, a circumstance unexampled in Hungarian history. In 1517 Werbőczy was appointed the guardian of the infant Louis II, and was sent on a foreign mission to solicit the aid of Christendom against the Turks. On his return he found the strife of parties fiercer than ever and the whole country in a state of anarchy.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

Podczas diety Hatvana, 25 czerwca 1525 r., Wygłosił orację pojednawczą, która tak wpłynęła na zgromadzenie, że wybrał go na podniebienie. Przez krótki czas sprawowali ten urząd, bezinteresownie i odważnie usiłowali służyć zarówno królowi, jak i ludowi, poniżając dumę magnatów, którzy byli przede wszystkim odpowiedzialni za zniszczenie królestwa. Został jednak zdeponowany na poniższej diecie i wycofał się z życia publicznego aż do wyboru Jánosa Szapolijasza, który zrealizował swoją teorię króla narodowego i od którego przyjął stanowisko kanclerza. Teraz poświęcił się całkowicie studium prawoznawstwa, a rezultatem jego pracy był słynny Opus tripartitum juris consuetudinarii inclyti regni hungariae (potocznie zwany po prostu Tripartitum), de facto praworządność Węgier do 1848 r. - chociaż jeszcze w 1945 r. Niektóre prawa spadkowe były nadal regulowane przez tę pracę [3]. 

At the diet of Hatvan, on 25 June 1525, he delivered a reconciliatory oration which so affected the assembly that it elected him palatine. During the brief time he held that office, he unselfishly and courageously endeavoured to serve both king and people by humbling the pride of the magnates who were primarily responsible for the dilapidation of the realm. But he was deposed at the following diet, and retired from public life until the election of János Szapolyai, who realized his theory of a national king and from whom he accepted the chancellorship. He now devoted himself entirely to the study of jurisprudence, and the result of his labors was the famous Opus tripartitum juris consuetudinarii inclyti regni hungariae (short form: Tripartitum), which was the de facto law-book of Hungary until 1848, but in 1945 some laws of inheritence were still regulated by this work.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

Pełny łaciński tekst Werbőczy's Tripartitum (wydrukowany przez Singrenius w 1517 r.) Został opublikowany jako Prawo zwyczajowe renomowanego Królestwa Węgier: dzieło z trzech części, „Tripartitum” = Tripartitum opus iuris consuetudinarii inclyti regni WĘGRY; pod redakcją i tłumaczeniem: János M. Bak, Péter Banyó i Martyn Rady; ze wstępnym opracowaniem László Pétera; Schlacks i CEU Press, Idyllwild, Kalifornia i Budapeszt, 2005. 

The full Latin text (with English translation) of Werbőczy's Tripartitum (as printed by Singrenius in 1517) is now published as The customary law of the renowned Kingdom of Hungary: a work in three parts, the "Tripartitum" = Tripartitum opus iuris consuetudinarii inclyti regni Hungariæ; edited and translated by János M. Bak, Péter Banyó, and Martyn Rady; with an introductory study by László Péter; Schlacks and CEU Press, Idyllwild, CA, and Budapest, 2005.

Przypisy

Attribution

Bibliography

  • Kármán, Gábor; Kunčević, Lovro (2013). The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004246065.

|- ! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;" | Political offices

|- style="text-align: center;" |- style="text-align:center;" |style="width:30%;" rowspan="1"|Preceded by
{{safesubst:#invoke:MultiReplace|main|János Erdődy|%[%[ *([%?-]) *%]%]|%1|%[%[ *[%?-] *| *(.-) *%]%]|%1}} | style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"| Chief justice
1516–1525 | style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"| Succeeded by
{{safesubst:#invoke:MultiReplace|main|Miklós Thuróczy|%[%[ *([%?-]) *%]%]|%1|%[%[ *[%?-] *| *(.-) *%]%]|%1}} |- |- style="text-align: center;" |- style="text-align:center;" |style="width:30%;" rowspan="1"|Preceded by
{{safesubst:#invoke:MultiReplace|main|Stephen Báthory|%[%[ *([%?-]) *%]%]|%1|%[%[ *[%?-] *| *(.-) *%]%]|%1}} | style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"| Palatine of Hungary
1525–1526 | style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"| Succeeded by
{{safesubst:#invoke:MultiReplace|main|Stephen Báthory|%[%[ *([%?-]) *%]%]|%1|%[%[ *[%?-] *| *(.-) *%]%]|%1}} |- |}

Szablon:Authority control

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