Posedarski (ród): Różnice pomiędzy wersjami
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Due to this marriage relationships, the coat of arms of both Kurjaković and [[Lapčan family]] was united and by female line became part of the Austrian-Bavarian noble family of [[Sinzendorf]] since the 17th century.<ref name="Amer"/> Since 1646 the coat of arms can be also found engraved at [[University of Padua]] as a memory of Nikola Posedarski's University's studying.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315}} Several variations of the coat of arms of [[Carniola]]n noble branch, and as part of complex COA of noble families Sizendorf and Saleburg, featured in ''Opus insignium armorumque'' (1687–1688) by [[Johann Weikhard von Valvasor]].<ref name="Amer"/> One of the variations, with two dragons outside the shield and inside it a goose with a crown on head, neck, and feet, was described by Samuel Timon in 1736 and allegedly was on the tombstone of [[Ivan Karlović]] (died 1531).<ref name="Amer"/> The Gusić family coat of arms also featured on the left side of COA of the former [[Lika-Krbava County]] (1881–1920) of [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]]. | Due to this marriage relationships, the coat of arms of both Kurjaković and [[Lapčan family]] was united and by female line became part of the Austrian-Bavarian noble family of [[Sinzendorf]] since the 17th century.<ref name="Amer"/> Since 1646 the coat of arms can be also found engraved at [[University of Padua]] as a memory of Nikola Posedarski's University's studying.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315}} Several variations of the coat of arms of [[Carniola]]n noble branch, and as part of complex COA of noble families Sizendorf and Saleburg, featured in ''Opus insignium armorumque'' (1687–1688) by [[Johann Weikhard von Valvasor]].<ref name="Amer"/> One of the variations, with two dragons outside the shield and inside it a goose with a crown on head, neck, and feet, was described by Samuel Timon in 1736 and allegedly was on the tombstone of [[Ivan Karlović]] (died 1531).<ref name="Amer"/> The Gusić family coat of arms also featured on the left side of COA of the former [[Lika-Krbava County]] (1881–1920) of [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]]. | ||
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== Posedarski branch == | == Posedarski branch == | ||
Wersja z 05:25, 1 paź 2019
Źródło; Gusić family
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| Język | {{{native_name_lang}}} | |
| Inne nazwy | {{{other_name}}} | |
| {{{caption}}} {{{caption}}} | ||
| Przodkowie | {{{parent house}}} | |
| Dynastia | Croatian & Hungarian noble family | |
| Kraj | * Vassal to 18px Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)
| |
| Posiadłości | {{{estates}}} | |
| Tytulatura | Župan, Knez, Comes, Count, Graf, Baron, Ban | |
| Tytuły | {{{styles}}} | |
| Początek | {{{founded}}} | |
| Założyciel | {{{founder}}} | |
| Ostatni | {{{final ruler}}} | |
| Aktualny | {{{current head}}} | |
| Koniec | {{{dissolution}}} | |
| deposition | {{{deposition}}} | |
| Pochodzenie | {{{ethnicity}}} | |
| Młodsze gałęzie | Szablon:Collapsible list | |
| Uwagi | {{{notes}}} | |
The Gusić family, also known as Gušić, was one of the twelve noble tribes of the Kingdom of Croatia, mentioned in the Pacta conventa. They originated from the hinterland of Biograd in the medieval Luka and Sidraga županijas, where are recorded at least since the 11th century. Their main regions of influence were Krbava and Gacka, where they often served as župans and knezes at least since the early 13th century. In the 14th century branched Posedarski who seated in Posedarje, and Kurjakovići who as magnates managed to gather much wealth and have high official positions at the Hungarian royal court as well two of their members became Ban of Croatia. As experienced warriors, they actively participated in the Croatian–Ottoman and late Ottoman–Venetian Wars. Direct descendants of the tribe with the surname Gusić, and possibly Gušić,Szablon:Refn live even today in Croatia and Slovenia.[1][2]
Spis treści
Coat of arms
Their heraldry appeared at least in 1278 (or 1367[3]), and is one of the oldest Croatian coat of arms with a signature of a noble family.[4] The faint trace of the seal of Gregorii comitis Corbauienssis had an image of a shield with a goose and outside of it two dragons.[1][2][3] According to heraldist Bartol Zmajić, initially it probably had a red shield on which are three horizontal silver bars and on the top of it a crowned goose. These characteristics as a symbol of ancestry can be found in the coat of arms of younger noble families Izačić and Oštriharić.[5]
The earliest depiction of Kurjaković's coat of arms is from German armorials Wiener handschrift, where is included in 1410 COA of Graff Karl Kurjaković the Ban of Dalmatia and Croatia, and Livro de Arautor written and painted by an anonymous Portuguese herald between 1416–1417, where is included COA of Graff Thomas Kurjaković.[6] According to them the coat of arms was red with three or four silver diagonal-horizontal bars, on the first upper bar standing a goose, sometimes gold-reinforced and crowned. The helmet is silver, the mantle is red, with ornamental having a standing goose, sometimes crowned, on a golden crown. In the first had a small chain link with a certain alliance coat of arms with a lion, and there was a shaved wreath-shaped sign with possibly a dragon.[7][8] The family's heraldry is also described in the Jörg Rugen's Wappenbuch from 1493–1499, as belonging to the Graff von Krawaten.[9] In 1492 and 1527, Kurjaković's also on their seal had a goose inside a shield, with the one from 1492 more detailed having three bars and on the upper, a crowned goose facing right with a crown around a neck.[4]
Due to this marriage relationships, the coat of arms of both Kurjaković and Lapčan family was united and by female line became part of the Austrian-Bavarian noble family of Sinzendorf since the 17th century.[6] Since 1646 the coat of arms can be also found engraved at University of Padua as a memory of Nikola Posedarski's University's studying.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Several variations of the coat of arms of Carniolan noble branch, and as part of complex COA of noble families Sizendorf and Saleburg, featured in Opus insignium armorumque (1687–1688) by Johann Weikhard von Valvasor.[6] One of the variations, with two dragons outside the shield and inside it a goose with a crown on head, neck, and feet, was described by Samuel Timon in 1736 and allegedly was on the tombstone of Ivan Karlović (died 1531).[6] The Gusić family coat of arms also featured on the left side of COA of the former Lika-Krbava County (1881–1920) of Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.
Posedarski branch
In 1194, the nobles Albus Slavogost and Dragoslav of Krbava,{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} received a grant by Béla III of Hungary with estates in Posedarje.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In 1219, the grant was confirmed by King Andrew II of Hungary, and Slavogost is again mentioned in 1249 and 1251 grants by Ban Stjepan and King Béla IV of Hungary.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} From him originated the branch.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Since the 14th century the family branch started calling themselves as Posdearski ("of Posedarje"), and have gained some estates in the city of Zadar.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In 1396, Stjepan son of Petar Posedarski bought for 3,000 florins Kačina Gorica, Suhovare, Grgurice and Krnica from Mihovil Kačić.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
The power of the family of Possidaria or de Posedarya,{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} was based on a rich economy and military, which lasted until the end of the 18th century. They were influential to the formation and command of an elite Croatian cavalry unit called as Cro(v)ati a cavallo or Cavalleria Croata which was used since the 15th century by the Republic of Venice in resistance against the Ottoman army forces.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Since the 15th century they actively fought as vassals of the Republic of Venice against the Ottomans, especially in the hinterland of Zadar.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Venetians called them into military service with high military title of colonel who commanded over all the officers, serdars, and harambašas, even replaced Venetian Provveditore Generale.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
In the 15th century, in 1495 count Juraj Posedarski of captain Petar helped Tomo Mogorović saving his brother Martin Mogorović from the Ottoman slavery by selling part of own estates, and was defending Obrovac when it fell to the Ottomans in 1527.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In the 16th century, in 1541 Vid Posedarski was a commander of Croatian cavalrymen in Venetian forces, as well commander of Croati a cavallo of the fraternity of St. Jeronim.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Later captains and commanders of the cavalry unit were Frane (1561, 1571; deceased 1588), Gašpar (1587–89; deceased 1613), Juraj (1594; deceased c. 1625), Petar (1594), Marko (1608), Šimun (1645; deceased 1652), Frane (1643; deceased c. 1666), Pavao (1709), Ivan Petar (1716), and Petar (1730-1760s; deceased 1771).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
During the Cretan War (1645–1669) and Morean War (1684–1699) between the Republic of Venice and Ottoman Empire, the most prominent was count and colonel Frane of Gašpar Posedarski.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He was appointed as the army commander of that area by Provveditore Generale in Dalmatia, Leonardo Foscolo, and fought alongside Morlachian leaders like Petar Smiljanić, Vuk Mandušić, Stjepan Sorić and others.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He participated in defence and conquest of Novigrad (1646–1647), liberation of Klis Fortress (1648), and died 1670.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He was mentioned in several epic verses of Razgovor ugodni naroda slovinskog (1756) by Andrija Kačić Miošić, where is described as a "mighty knight".{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} His brother Juraj was a captain and count, who as a warrior and commander of the Morlach army participated in the liberation of Učitelja Vas, Islam Latinski and Ravni Kotari. After his death in 1679,{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} the commander became Stojan Janković, while his son Frane of Juraj became the governor of Nin as well the new colonel of Venetian forces. Frane died in 1717, with the last male descendant being his son count Petar Posedarski, the governor and colonel who led the seigniory from 1730 until his death in 1771.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
The last direct descendant was the princess Domenika, daughter of Petar Posedarski, who married nobleman Josip Benja, with all the estates then owned by the noble family Benja-Posedarski from Zadar whose rights were confirmed by the government in Vienna in 1822. However, since the late 19th century due to agrarian reforms and especially 1940s, they have lost ownership over the estates.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The branch perished with counts Antun (dec. 1952) and Darinka Benja Posedarski (née Pavličević, dec. 1975) who did not have any descendants.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
Notable members
- Stjepan Posedarski (15th-16th century), a humanist, chaplain and envoy of Ivan Karlović, who in his work wrote about the difficulties Croats faced after the Battle of Krbava Field (1493) with the anti-Ottoman sentiment, specifically in his Oratio (1519) to Pope Leo X.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}[10][11][12]
- Martin Posedarski (mid-16th century-1601), a count who since 1590 lived in Senj, participated in the Battle of Klis (1596) and dissatisfied with Venetian military policy against Ottomans permanently joined Uskoks from Senj as their military commander.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In 1599 with 500 soldiers and 17 Uskok ships in the port of Rovinj captured 9 Venetian Galleys, because of which was executed by Austrian general Josip Rabatta in 1601.[13]
- Frane Posedarski (died 1670), count and colonel who fought during the Cretan War (1645–1669) and Morean War (1684–1699).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
Kurjaković branch
The branch's founder Kurjak was mentioned for the first time in 1298 as comes Curiacus de genere Gussich, whose descendants in the 14th century started calling themselves as "Kurjaković" (de Coriach, de Curiaco, Curiacovich).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Due to estates region they were also known as comes Corbavie.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}[6] As mentioned before, Kurjak tried to deprive another Gusić's branch of their possessions.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The genus branched by his sons Budislav, Pavle and Grgur,[6] who during the 14th century were vassals of Paul and Mladen II Šubić of Bribir, and during Kurjak's lifetime they acquired Krbava županija as heirdom. They built and acquired several forts, and by mid-15th-century had control between Lika and Dalmatia, as well estates in Bosnia, Slavonia, Istria, Slovakia and Hungary.[14] From the family branched among others Zakanjski, Čekliški, Mrsinjski named after the property, and Karlović after Karlo Kurjaković.[6]
Between 1316 and 1322, during the time of several revolts between noble families of Šubić, Frankopan, Babonić, Nelipić, as well Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia and some Dalmatian coastal towns, they sided with Nelipić's against Šubić's from Bribir and others. Budislav managed to be Podestà of Šibenik (1320–21). In 1338, led by Grgur, they conventionally accepted the supreme authority of King Charles I of Hungary, but it was official only when Louis I of Hungary pressured them in 1345. At the end of the 14th century, Budislav's son Butko or Budislav, helped Sigismund to restore Mary, Queen of Hungary in 1387, and possibly was Ban of Croatia (1393–1394).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Due to his support to Sigismund, later crowned pretender to the Hungarian-Croatian throne, Ladislaus of Naples took them away Ostrovica županija and fortress of Novigrad, but they maintained a very significant influence in the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
Ivan of Nikola performed the duties of the Master of the Queen's and King's steward irregularly between 1388–1418, Karlo in 1408 became Master of the treasury, and they were among the founding members of Order of the Dragon.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} At the time, the Republic of Venice impeded regular traffic along the coast which negatively influenced their main seats at Obrovac and Karlobag. In the mid 15h century, Toma son of Pavle built fortress Ripač on the river Una in 1442, and his son Grgur fort Kličevac near Benkovac in 1453. However, their estates were on the way of Ottoman Empire conquest. In the 1490s, count Karlo opposed the coronation of Vladislaus II of Hungary, while in 1494 his widow Doroteja Frankopan paid yearly tribute to the Ottomans. Their son, Ivan Karlović who was the Ban of Croatia between 1521–1524 and 1527–1531, was the last male descendant of the family.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He was present at the Election in Cetin (1527) when Croatian nobles elected Ferdinand I Habsburg as new King of Croatia.[15] By inheritance contract from 1509 with Nikola III Zrinski, who married his sister Jelena, the vast estates went to the Zrinski family.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
Notable members
- Grgur Kurjaković (14th century), Count of Krbava with brother Budislav, knight of the royal court with estates in Hungary.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
- Budislav or Butko Kurjaković (14th century–1401), Count of Krbava, for help in saving Queen Mary named by her Court's Palatine in 1387, possibly Ban of Croatia in 1393 until 1394.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
- Karlo Kurjaković, Ban of Croatia from 1409 until 1411, Hungarian Master of the treasury, among the founding members of Order of the Dragon.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
- Ivan Karlović (1485–1531), Ban of Croatia between 1521 and 1524, and from 1527 until 1531.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
See also
Annotations
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References
Notes
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Ljubović, Enver (2001). Grbovi plemstva Gacke i Like. Adamić. str. 136. ISBN 978-953-6531-75-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=kZNxAAAAMAAJ.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ljubović, Enver (2003). Grbovi plemstva Like, Gacke i Krbave. Megrad. str. 191–192. ISBN 953-99305-0-2.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=citation }}
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Błąd rozszerzenia cite: Błąd w składni elementu
<ref>. Brak tekstu w przypisie o nazwieVMazuranic - ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=citation }}
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6 Błąd rozszerzenia cite: Błąd w składni elementu
<ref>. Brak tekstu w przypisie o nazwieAmer - ↑ Eva-Katharin Ledel (2017). Die Wiener Handschrift des Wappenbuchs von Sankt Christoph auf dem Arlberg.. University of Vienna. str. 366–367.
- ↑ Clemmensen, Steen, ur. (2011). The Herald's Book al. Livro de Arautos al. De ministerio armorum: An armorial of the Council of Constance 1414–1418 by an anonymous Portuguese herald. Manchester, John Rylands University Library Ms. Latin 28. str. 3, 16. http://www.armorial.dk/german/Arautos.pdf.
- ↑ Clemmensen, Steen, ur. (2013). Jörg Rugens Wappenbuch. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek für Tirol in Innsbruck. str. 180. http://www.armorial.dk/german/RugenWB.pdf.
- ↑ John V. A. (Jr.) Fine (2010). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods. University of Michigan Press. str. 191. ISBN 0-472-02560-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C.
- ↑ Thomas, David; Chesworth, John A. (2015). Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History.: Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500–1600). BRILL. str. 492, 499, 513. ISBN 978-90-04-29848-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=nohjCgAAQBAJ.
- ↑ Špoljarić, Luka (2016). "Illyrian Trojans in a Turkish Storm: Croatian Renaissance Lords and the Politics of Dynastic Origin Myths". Portraying the Prince in the Renaissance: The Humanist Depiction of Rulers in Historiographical and Biographical Texts. De Gruyter. str. 137, 143–145. ISBN 978-3-11-047337-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=A0NbDAAAQBAJ.
- ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=citation }}
- ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=citation }}
- ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=citation }}
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Szablon:Croatian nobility Szablon:Noble kindreds in the Kingdom of Hungary
