Posedarski (ród): Różnice pomiędzy wersjami

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Źródło; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusi%C4%87_family Gusić family]
 
Źródło; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusi%C4%87_family Gusić family]
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{{Dynastia infobox
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|dynastia              = Posedarski
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|herb                  = Kurjaković armor from Wiener handschrift.jpg
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|kraj                  = * Vassal to [[File:Coat of arms of Croatia 1495.svg|border|18px]] [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]] (1102–1526)* Vassal to [[File:Hungary Arms.svg|18px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (1102–1526)
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|tytuły                = [[Župan]], [[Knyaz|Knez]], [[Comes]], [[Count]], [[Graf]], [[Baron]], [[Ban (title)|Ban]]
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|założyciel            = Pavao
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|ostatni władca        =
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|obecny władca          =
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|rok założenia          = 11th century
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|rok rozwiązania        =
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|rok złożenia z funkcji = 1671
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|etniczność            = chorwacka
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|dynastia macierzysta  =
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|gniazda                =
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|gałęzie                =
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}}
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|}
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{{Infobox noble house
 
{{Infobox noble house
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Due to this marriage relationships, the coat of arms of both Kurjaković and [[Lapčan family]] was united and by female line became part of the Austrian-Bavarian noble family of [[Sinzendorf]] since the 17th century.<ref name="Amer"/> Since 1646 the coat of arms can be also found engraved at [[University of Padua]] as a memory of Nikola Posedarski's University's studying.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315}} Several variations of the coat of arms of [[Carniola]]n noble branch, and as part of complex COA of noble families Sizendorf and Saleburg, featured in ''Opus insignium armorumque'' (1687–1688) by [[Johann Weikhard von Valvasor]].<ref name="Amer"/> One of the variations, with two dragons outside the shield and inside it a goose with a crown on head, neck, and feet, was described by Samuel Timon in 1736 and allegedly was on the tombstone of [[Ivan Karlović]] (died 1531).<ref name="Amer"/> The Gusić family coat of arms also featured on the left side of COA of the former [[Lika-Krbava County]] (1881–1920) of [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]].
 
Due to this marriage relationships, the coat of arms of both Kurjaković and [[Lapčan family]] was united and by female line became part of the Austrian-Bavarian noble family of [[Sinzendorf]] since the 17th century.<ref name="Amer"/> Since 1646 the coat of arms can be also found engraved at [[University of Padua]] as a memory of Nikola Posedarski's University's studying.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315}} Several variations of the coat of arms of [[Carniola]]n noble branch, and as part of complex COA of noble families Sizendorf and Saleburg, featured in ''Opus insignium armorumque'' (1687–1688) by [[Johann Weikhard von Valvasor]].<ref name="Amer"/> One of the variations, with two dragons outside the shield and inside it a goose with a crown on head, neck, and feet, was described by Samuel Timon in 1736 and allegedly was on the tombstone of [[Ivan Karlović]] (died 1531).<ref name="Amer"/> The Gusić family coat of arms also featured on the left side of COA of the former [[Lika-Krbava County]] (1881–1920) of [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]].
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== History ==
 
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They originally had estates in the hinterland of [[Biograd na Moru|Biograd]] in the medieval [[Counties of Croatia#History|Luka and Sidraga županija]],{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (I)}} specifically Kličević, Ceranji, Gušići, Obrovac, and Domakovci.{{sfn|Ćošković|2002}} Historians [[Vjekoslav Klaić]] and [[Ferdo Šišić]] considered they originated from the region of [[Krbava]].{{sfn|Ćošković|2002}} Anachronistic is Roman origin from [[Titus Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus]], a thesis argued by [[Miklós Istvánffy]] and [[Pavao Ritter Vitezović]].{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=74}}
 
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The first members of the tribe can be followed since the mid-11th century. It is considered that the first known member is Prvaneg, [[župan]] of Luka, recorded in the 1060 document of the King [[Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia]], whose office finished before 1066–1067. He had several sons, among whom were Pribina and Jakov ''Gussichi''.{{sfn|Klaić|1897|p=57}} Pribina was a member of the [[Benedictines]] Monastery of St. Ivan of Rogovo in Biograd, and the gifted lands in Kamenjane by King Krešimir IV in 1070–1074 Pribina gave to the Monastery. His brother Jakov sold some lands in Sidraga to the abbot of the Monastery between 1085–1095. Prvaneg's contemporary was Jure, whose son Thasa probably had a court title of [[tepčija]], and a palace in Raštani which ceded to the Monastery of St. John as well to it sold some estates in Jelčani. It is also recorded Pribineg who sold some estates near the city walls to the Monastery, while his son Andrija between 1070–1076 a vineyard. The Monastery also received some lands from certain ''Nassemir Gussichius''.{{sfn|Ćošković|2002}}{{sfn|Klaić|1897|p=58}}
 
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According to the anonymous chronicler of [[Split, Croatia|Split]], probably from the 14th century and recorded by a 17th-century historian from Zadar, Šimun Ljubavac, after the death of King [[Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia]] emerged anarchy. At the time some members of the family already lived in [[Krbava]], where Petar Gusić welcomed Petar ''de genere Cacautonem'' who was an envoy of the city of Split to surrender it to Hungarian king Stjepan (actually [[Ladislaus I of Hungary]]). They both went to the king, where presented themselves as "White Croats" (''Creates Albi''), and offered him rule over Split and Croatian Kingdom, which he accepted and went up to the [[Mala Kapela|Gvozd Mountain]] when returned due to [[Cumans|Tatars]] intrusion. The legend has many mistakes which are contrary to historical sources.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pavičić |first1=Ivana Prijatelj |last2=Karbić |first2=Damir |date=2000 |title=Prikazi vladarskog dostojanstva: likovi vladara u dalmatinskoj umjetnosti 13. i 14. stoljeća |trans-title=Presentation of the rulers' dignity: images of rulers in dalmatian art of the 13th and 14th centuries |url=https://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-GLGQZL9X/fcd48a43-5153-4e34-9534-ae77f9528b22/PDF |language=Croatian |journal=Acta Histriae |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=416–418}}</ref> With unknown correlation, to the same period is also dated the event which involved [[župan]] ''Paulum de genere Gussithorum'',{{sfn|Klaić|1897|p=16, 58}} one of the twelve noblemen mentioned in [[Pacta conventa (Croatia)|Pacta conventa]] (1102) who negotiated with [[Coloman, King of Hungary]].{{sfn|Ćošković|2002}}
 
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In the sources, they mentioned again at the end of the 12th century regarding land deals of Monastery of St. Kuzma and Damjan near [[Tkon]] on [[Pašman]] island and Monastery of St. Krševan in Kamenjane. Several of them, including Stjepan, Toliš, Radoš, and Dominik built the church of St. Petar in Bubnjani near [[Benkovac|Tinj]]. Comes Slovinja, son of ''Boricius Gussich'' (1187),{{sfn|Klaić|1898|p=190–191}} is mentioned in the 1188 royal document of [[Béla III of Hungary]], by which were confirmed estates of Rogovo, Vrbice, and Kamenjane which were given by Croatian Kings Krešimir IV and Zvonimir. It is considered that he became knez of Krbava region between 1207–1222,{{sfn|Klaić|1898|p=191}} and owned estate Grabovnik which sold to Hemin from the tribe of [[Lapčan family|Lapčan]]. His son Dražen in 1181 was also a župan, and a function of [[:hr:Pristav|pristav]] when [[Skradin]]'s bishop Mihajlo awarded the Monastery of St. Dimitrije and Toma seized lands in Bubnjani, while settlement Biljane was owned by Ivan of Juraj. In 1207, Slovinja with brother Grubeša, Radoslav and Dragoslav sons of Stjepan, Iraceo Binboli son of Toliša, Juraj of Radoš, Nikola and Prodanek of Dominik, gave consent to the Monastery of St. Dimitrije and Toma to cede church St. Petar in Bubnjani to the Monastery of St. Kuzma and Damjan.{{sfn|Ćošković|2002}}
 
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From a part of the tribe who stayed in the hinterland of Zadar, in 1318 is recorded knez Jakov ''de Hatugh''. In the 1322 document by [[Mladen II Šubić of Bribir]] are recorded Stjepan and Stojislav, sons of Bogdan Gusić. The honourable knez of Nin between 1384–1394 was Budislav Gusić with an estate in Papratnik. In the second half of the 15th century are recorded many individuals in Posedarje and Zadar. The last known Gusić in the region of Zadar was Matija (1528) from [[Sali, Croatia|Sali]] and Jeronim (1530) from the city of Zadar.{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (I)}}
 
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Their mention in the Krbava region is considered as a partial migration from the original place of origin.{{sfn|Ćošković|2002}} In the second half of the 13th century, the title of knez of Krbava was held by Matija and Bartol, sons of Slovinja's brother Grubiša.{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (I)}} In 1250, Ladislav of Jakov received in estate village Gomiljane and Radoslavova Vas in Bužani županija by the King [[Béla IV of Hungary]], however due to the desolation of Gomiljane Ladislav gifted the settlement in 1258 to Bogdan Lapčan because of loyal service. Additionally, for the good service, Ladislav was gifted by Béla IV with six estates in Krbava and two estates in other two Croatian županijas. Ladislav's sons Gvid, Desina and Pribislav had a dispute with cousin knez Kurjak who deprived them of their possessions but were returned by [[Paul I Šubić of Bribir]].{{sfn|Ćošković|2002}} In the 14th century, the tribe came apart into several branches, of whom most powerful was magnate [[Kurjaković family]] (see below).{{sfn|Ćošković|2002}} At the time of Kurjaković's rule in Krbava seemingly other members from the tribe are not recorded in the sources, possibly indicating that Kurjaković's subjugated them or have gone elsewhere.{{sfn|Klaić|1897|p=56}} In between the 14th and 16th century, they are mentioned in the hinterland of Zadar, [[Nin, Croatia|Nin]], Obrovac and Posedarje. Under the pressure of Kurjaković's,{{sfn|Klaić|1897|p=57}} and later [[Ottoman Empire]] conquest, part of the tribe moved to [[Gacka]] županija in the 15th century, where built Gusić-grad ("Gusić fort").{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (I)}}
 
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In 1468, Ivan Gusić from the tribe of Mogorović was gifted with some estates in Paprčane and Tršćane for military service by Pavao Kurjaković.{{sfn|Majnarić|2013}} Some of them probably became members of [[Mogorović family|Mogorović]] noble family.<ref name="Ljubović2001"/><ref name="Ljubović2003"/><ref name="Jurkovic168">{{citation |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=29017&lang=en |language=Croatian |last=Jurković |first=Ivan |title=“A Great and Particular Robber” in the Service of the Pope – Peter Kružić, the Captain of the Southernmost Part of the Anti-Ottoman Defence System in Croatia |year=2007 |journal=Papers and Proceedings of the Department of Historical Research of the Institute of Historical and Social Research of Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts |volume=25 |page=168–170 |via=Hrčak - Portal znanstvenih časopisa Republike Hrvatske}}</ref> According to sources, at least since the 1480s they were vassals of the magnate [[Frankopan family]].{{sfn|Klaić|1897|p=57}} In the first half of 1500s, Kristofor Gusić married Katarina, sister of knez [[Petar Kružić]]. Both Kristofor and his father Ivan Gusić helped Kružić, with Ivan being vice-captain of [[Senj]].<ref name="Jurkovic168"/> In 1566, certain Andrija Gusić or Vladišić de Turan died at [[Siege of Szigetvár]].<ref name="Ljubović2001"/><ref name="Ljubović2003"/> Allegedly his son was Gašpar Gusić,<ref name="Ljubović2001"/><ref name="Ljubović2003"/> who was the župan of [[Zagreb County (former)|Zagreb County]], the lord of Turanj (''de Turan''<ref>{{citation |url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=8266 |language=Croatian |last=Švab |first=Mladen |title=Gušić, Gašpar od Turnja |encyclopedia=[[Croatian Biographical Lexicon]] (HBL) |year=2002 |publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute]]}}</ref>) and podban ("vice Ban"),{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (I)}} dividing the estates of brothers Gašpar and Gabrijel Šubić Peranski in 1556.{{sfn|Ćošković|2002}} When the Ottoman forces conquered Gusić-grad in 1575, part of lords migrated to Senj and [[Carniola]].{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (I)}}{{sfn|Kidrič|2013}} Reportedly some members until the 18th century were the captains of the [[Military Frontier#Background|military captaincy of Senj]], commanders of [[Otočac]], and commanders of infantry regiment of [[Ogulin]]. The baron branch was divided into two families in the 18th century, and to the tribe possibly belonged noble families Izačić, Oštriharić, and Krčelić.<ref name="Ljubović2001"/><ref name="Ljubović2003"/><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://plemstvo.hr/content/include/glasnik/HPZ-glasnik-No6.pdf |language=Croatian |last=Ljubović |first=Enver |title=Ličko plemstvo i njegovo heraldičko znakovlje kao činjenice kulturnog naslijeđa i identiteta |year=2008 |journal=Glasnik Hrvatskog plemićkog zbora |publisher=Hrvatski plemićki zbor |issue=6 |pages=24–34}}</ref>
 
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=== Notable members ===
 
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*Seifried Gusič (1709–1794), Slovenian baron, president of ''[[Academia Operosorum Labacensium]]'', and humanist.<ref>{{citation |last=Kidrič |first=Francè |title=Gusič, Seifried, baron |url=https://www.slovenska-biografija.si/oseba/sbi220118/ |work=Slovenska biografija |publisher=Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Znanstvenoraziskovalni center [[SAZU]] |year=2013}}</ref>
 
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*Ivan Rupert Gusić (18th century–1821), Croatian member of [[Benedictines]] and later secular priests of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb|Archdiocese of Zagreb]], was one of the Bible translators into [[Kajkavian]] literary language during the period of bishop [[Maksimilijan Vrhovac]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=8260 |language=Croatian |last=Humski |first=Vera |title=Gusić, Ivan |encyclopedia=[[Croatian Biographical Lexicon]] (HBL) |year=2002 |publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute]]}}</ref>
 
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*Grgo Gusić (1821–1894), Hungarian-Croatian folk poet and professor.<ref>{{citation |url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=8259 |language=Croatian |last=Krpan |first=Stjepan |title=Gusić, Grgo |encyclopedia=[[Croatian Biographical Lexicon]] (HBL) |year=2002 |publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute]]}}</ref>
 
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*Branimir Gušić (1901–1975), Croatian otolaryngologist, anthropogeographer and ethnologist, a regular member of [[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts|JAZU]], founder of the Academy's Commission for Karst Studies, Chairman of the Committee for the Folk Life and Traditions (1955–75) and founder of the Ethnology Institute of JAZU.<ref>{{citation |title=Gušić, Branimir |url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=23862 |author=[[Croatian Encyclopaedia]] |year=2011}}</ref>
 
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*Marijana Gušić (1901–1987), Croatian ethnologist and mountaineer, Director of the [[Ethnographic Museum, Zagreb]] (1946–65) and Ethnographic Institute of JAZU (1963–75).<ref>{{citation |title=Gušić, Marijana |url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=23865 |author=[[Croatian Encyclopaedia]] |year=2011}}</ref>
 
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*Dora Gušić (1908–1998), Croatian piano and pianist pedagogues, recipient of [[Vladimir Nazor Award|Vladimir Nazor Life Achievemnt Award]] (1980).<ref>{{citation |title=Gušić, Dora |url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=23863 |author=[[Croatian Encyclopaedia]] |year=2011}}</ref>
 
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*Juraj Gusić (1919–1994), Croatian religious writer and a publicist.<ref>{{citation |url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=8261 |language=Croatian |last=Korade |first=Mijo |title=Gusić, Juraj |encyclopedia=[[Croatian Biographical Lexicon]] (HBL) |year=2002 |publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute]]}}</ref>
 
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*Tomislav Gusić (1931–present), Croatian painter, graphically and artistically formatted editions of [[Dubrovnik Summer Festival]] and [[Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall]] (1967–1985).<ref>{{citation |url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=8262 |language=Croatian |last=Karaman |first=Antun |title=Gusić, Tomislav |encyclopedia=[[Croatian Biographical Lexicon]] (HBL) |year=2002 |publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute]]}}</ref>
 
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*Ivan Gušić (1938–present), Croatian geologist and palaeontologist, a regular member of [[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts|HAZU]] (1999) and professor emeritus (2009).<ref>{{citation |title=Gušić, Ivan |url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=23832 |author=[[Croatian Encyclopaedia]] |year=2011}}</ref>
 
  
 
== Posedarski branch ==
 
== Posedarski branch ==
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*Martin Posedarski (mid-16th century-1601), a count who since 1590 lived in [[Senj]], participated in the [[Battle of Klis (1596)]] and dissatisfied with Venetian military policy against Ottomans permanently joined [[Uskoks]] from Senj as their military commander.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=313}} In 1599 with 500 soldiers and 17 Uskok ships in the port of [[Rovinj]] captured 9 Venetian [[Galley]]s, because of which was executed by Austrian general Josip Rabatta in 1601.<ref>{{citation |title=Posedarski, Martin |url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=49645 |author=[[Croatian Encyclopaedia]] |year=2011}}</ref>
 
*Martin Posedarski (mid-16th century-1601), a count who since 1590 lived in [[Senj]], participated in the [[Battle of Klis (1596)]] and dissatisfied with Venetian military policy against Ottomans permanently joined [[Uskoks]] from Senj as their military commander.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=313}} In 1599 with 500 soldiers and 17 Uskok ships in the port of [[Rovinj]] captured 9 Venetian [[Galley]]s, because of which was executed by Austrian general Josip Rabatta in 1601.<ref>{{citation |title=Posedarski, Martin |url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=49645 |author=[[Croatian Encyclopaedia]] |year=2011}}</ref>
 
*Frane Posedarski (died 1670), count and colonel who fought during the [[Cretan War (1645–1669)]] and [[Morean War]] (1684–1699).{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315}}
 
*Frane Posedarski (died 1670), count and colonel who fought during the [[Cretan War (1645–1669)]] and [[Morean War]] (1684–1699).{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=315}}
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==Kurjaković branch==
 
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{{main article|Kurjaković noble family}}
 
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The branch's founder Kurjak was mentioned for the first time in 1298 as ''comes Curiacus de genere Gussich'', whose descendants in the 14th century started calling themselves as "Kurjaković" (''de Coriach'', ''de Curiaco'', ''Curiacovich'').{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (I)}}{{sfn|Majnarić|2013}} Due to estates region they were also known as ''comes Corbavie''.{{sfn|Majnarić|2013}}<ref name="Amer"/> As mentioned before, Kurjak tried to deprive another Gusić's branch of their possessions.{{sfn|Ćošković|2002}} The genus branched by his sons Budislav, Pavle and Grgur,<ref name="Amer"/> who during the 14th century were vassals of Paul and [[Mladen II Šubić of Bribir]], and during Kurjak's lifetime they acquired [[Krbava]] županija as heirdom. They built and acquired several forts, and by mid-15th-century had control between [[Lika]] and [[Dalmatia]], as well estates in Bosnia, Slavonia, Istria, Slovakia and Hungary.<ref>{{citation|last=Botica|first=Ivan|year=2011|url=https://www.bib.irb.hr/546332|title=Krbavski knezovi u srednjem vijeku|trans-title=Count of Corbavia in the Middle Ages|publisher=Filozofski fakultet, Zagreb|language=Croatian}}</ref> From the family branched among others Zakanjski, Čekliški, Mrsinjski named after the property, and Karlović after Karlo Kurjaković.<ref name="Amer"/>
 
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Between 1316 and 1322, during the time of several revolts between noble families of Šubić, [[Frankopan family|Frankopan]], [[Babonić family|Babonić]], [[Nelipić family|Nelipić]], as well [[Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia]] and some Dalmatian coastal towns, they sided with Nelipić's against Šubić's from Bribir and others. Budislav managed to be [[Podestà]] of [[Šibenik]] (1320–21). In 1338, led by Grgur, they conventionally accepted the supreme authority of King [[Charles I of Hungary]], but it was official only when [[Louis I of Hungary]] pressured them in 1345. At the end of the 14th century, Budislav's son Butko or Budislav, helped [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] to restore [[Mary, Queen of Hungary]] in 1387, and possibly was [[Ban of Croatia]] (1393–1394).{{sfn|Majnarić|2013}} Due to his support to Sigismund, later crowned pretender to the Hungarian-Croatian throne, [[Ladislaus of Naples]] took them away [[Ostrovica Castle|Ostrovica]] županija and fortress of [[Novigrad, Zadar County|Novigrad]], but they maintained a very significant influence in the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom.{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (III)}}
 
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Ivan of Nikola performed the duties of the [[Master of the stewards|Master of the Queen's and King's steward]] irregularly between 1388–1418, Karlo in 1408 became [[Master of the treasury]], and they were among the founding members of [[Order of the Dragon]].{{sfn|Majnarić|2013}} At the time, the Republic of Venice impeded regular traffic along the coast which negatively influenced their main seats at Obrovac and [[Karlobag]]. In the mid 15h century, Toma son of Pavle built fortress Ripač on the river [[Una (Sava)|Una]] in 1442, and his son Grgur fort Kličevac near [[Benkovac]] in 1453. However, their estates were on the way of [[Ottoman Empire]] conquest. In the 1490s, count Karlo opposed the coronation of [[Vladislaus II of Hungary]], while in 1494 his widow Doroteja Frankopan paid yearly tribute to the Ottomans. Their son, [[Ivan Karlović]] who was the Ban of Croatia between 1521–1524 and 1527–1531, was the last male descendant of the family.{{sfn|Croatian Encyclopaedia|2011 (III)}} He was present at the [[Election in Cetin]] (1527) when Croatian nobles elected [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I Habsburg]] as new King of Croatia.<ref>{{citation |url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=184 |language=Croatian |last=Mujadžević  |first=Dino |title=Karlović, Ivan (Krbavski; Ivan Torkvat, Johannes Torquatus comes Corbauie, Zuan de Corbavia) |encyclopedia=[[Croatian Biographical Lexicon]] (HBL) |year=2009 |publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute]]}}</ref> By inheritance contract from 1509 with [[Nikola III Zrinski]], who married his sister Jelena, the vast estates went to the Zrinski family.{{sfn|Magaš, Brtan|2015|p=75}}
 
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=== Notable members ===
 
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* [[Grgur Kurjaković]] (14th century), Count of Krbava with brother Budislav, knight of the royal court with estates in Hungary.{{sfn|Majnarić|2013}}
 
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* Budislav or Butko Kurjaković (14th century–1401), Count of Krbava, for help in saving Queen [[Mary, Queen of Hungary|Mary]] named by her [[Palatine of Hungary|Court's Palatine]] in 1387, possibly [[Ban of Croatia]] in 1393 until 1394.{{sfn|Majnarić|2013}}
 
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* Karlo Kurjaković, Ban of Croatia from 1409 until 1411, Hungarian [[Master of the treasury]], among the founding members of [[Order of the Dragon]].{{sfn|Majnarić|2013}}
 
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* [[Ivan Karlović]] (1485–1531), Ban of Croatia between 1521 and 1524, and from 1527 until 1531.{{sfn|Majnarić|2013}}
 
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==

Aktualna wersja na dzień 07:17, 1 paź 2019

Źródło; Gusić family

Posedarski

Herb Posedarski
Kraj * Vassal to 18px Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)* Vassal to 18px Kingdom of Hungary (1102–1526)
Tytuły Župan, Knez, Comes, Count, Graf, Baron, Ban
Założyciel Pavao
Rok założenia 11th century
Rok złożenia z funkcji 1671
Pochodzenie etniczne chorwacka


Gusić
{{{native_name }}}

Język {{{native_name_lang}}}
Inne nazwy {{{other_name}}}
{{{caption}}}
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Przodkowie {{{parent house}}}
Dynastia Croatian & Hungarian noble family
Kraj * Vassal to 18px Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)
Posiadłości {{{estates}}}
Tytulatura Župan, Knez, Comes, Count, Graf, Baron, Ban
Tytuły {{{styles}}}
Początek {{{founded}}}
Założyciel {{{founder}}}
Ostatni {{{final ruler}}}
Aktualny {{{current head}}}
Koniec {{{dissolution}}}
deposition {{{deposition}}}
Pochodzenie {{{ethnicity}}}
Młodsze gałęzie Szablon:Collapsible list
Uwagi {{{notes}}}

The Gusić family, also known as Gušić, was one of the twelve noble tribes of the Kingdom of Croatia, mentioned in the Pacta conventa. They originated from the hinterland of Biograd in the medieval Luka and Sidraga županijas, where are recorded at least since the 11th century. Their main regions of influence were Krbava and Gacka, where they often served as župans and knezes at least since the early 13th century. In the 14th century branched Posedarski who seated in Posedarje, and Kurjakovići who as magnates managed to gather much wealth and have high official positions at the Hungarian royal court as well two of their members became Ban of Croatia. As experienced warriors, they actively participated in the Croatian–Ottoman and late Ottoman–Venetian Wars. Direct descendants of the tribe with the surname Gusić, and possibly Gušić,Szablon:Refn live even today in Croatia and Slovenia.[1][2]

Coat of arms

Plik:Gusić armor from Opus insignium armorumque.jpg
The family's coat of arms (top right, bottom), from Opus insignium armorumque (1687–1688) by Johann Weikhard von Valvasor.

Their heraldry appeared at least in 1278 (or 1367[3]), and is one of the oldest Croatian coat of arms with a signature of a noble family.[4] The faint trace of the seal of Gregorii comitis Corbauienssis had an image of a shield with a goose and outside of it two dragons.[1][2][3] According to heraldist Bartol Zmajić, initially it probably had a red shield on which are three horizontal silver bars and on the top of it a crowned goose. These characteristics as a symbol of ancestry can be found in the coat of arms of younger noble families Izačić and Oštriharić.[5]

The earliest depiction of Kurjaković's coat of arms is from German armorials Wiener handschrift, where is included in 1410 COA of Graff Karl Kurjaković the Ban of Dalmatia and Croatia, and Livro de Arautor written and painted by an anonymous Portuguese herald between 1416–1417, where is included COA of Graff Thomas Kurjaković.[6] According to them the coat of arms was red with three or four silver diagonal-horizontal bars, on the first upper bar standing a goose, sometimes gold-reinforced and crowned. The helmet is silver, the mantle is red, with ornamental having a standing goose, sometimes crowned, on a golden crown. In the first had a small chain link with a certain alliance coat of arms with a lion, and there was a shaved wreath-shaped sign with possibly a dragon.[7][8] The family's heraldry is also described in the Jörg Rugen's Wappenbuch from 1493–1499, as belonging to the Graff von Krawaten.[9] In 1492 and 1527, Kurjaković's also on their seal had a goose inside a shield, with the one from 1492 more detailed having three bars and on the upper, a crowned goose facing right with a crown around a neck.[4]

Due to this marriage relationships, the coat of arms of both Kurjaković and Lapčan family was united and by female line became part of the Austrian-Bavarian noble family of Sinzendorf since the 17th century.[6] Since 1646 the coat of arms can be also found engraved at University of Padua as a memory of Nikola Posedarski's University's studying.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Several variations of the coat of arms of Carniolan noble branch, and as part of complex COA of noble families Sizendorf and Saleburg, featured in Opus insignium armorumque (1687–1688) by Johann Weikhard von Valvasor.[6] One of the variations, with two dragons outside the shield and inside it a goose with a crown on head, neck, and feet, was described by Samuel Timon in 1736 and allegedly was on the tombstone of Ivan Karlović (died 1531).[6] The Gusić family coat of arms also featured on the left side of COA of the former Lika-Krbava County (1881–1920) of Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

Posedarski branch

In 1194, the nobles Albus Slavogost and Dragoslav of Krbava,{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} received a grant by Béla III of Hungary with estates in Posedarje.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In 1219, the grant was confirmed by King Andrew II of Hungary, and Slavogost is again mentioned in 1249 and 1251 grants by Ban Stjepan and King Béla IV of Hungary.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} From him originated the branch.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Since the 14th century the family branch started calling themselves as Posdearski ("of Posedarje"), and have gained some estates in the city of Zadar.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In 1396, Stjepan son of Petar Posedarski bought for 3,000 florins Kačina Gorica, Suhovare, Grgurice and Krnica from Mihovil Kačić.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

The power of the family of Possidaria or de Posedarya,{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} was based on a rich economy and military, which lasted until the end of the 18th century. They were influential to the formation and command of an elite Croatian cavalry unit called as Cro(v)ati a cavallo or Cavalleria Croata which was used since the 15th century by the Republic of Venice in resistance against the Ottoman army forces.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Since the 15th century they actively fought as vassals of the Republic of Venice against the Ottomans, especially in the hinterland of Zadar.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Venetians called them into military service with high military title of colonel who commanded over all the officers, serdars, and harambašas, even replaced Venetian Provveditore Generale.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

In the 15th century, in 1495 count Juraj Posedarski of captain Petar helped Tomo Mogorović saving his brother Martin Mogorović from the Ottoman slavery by selling part of own estates, and was defending Obrovac when it fell to the Ottomans in 1527.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In the 16th century, in 1541 Vid Posedarski was a commander of Croatian cavalrymen in Venetian forces, as well commander of Croati a cavallo of the fraternity of St. Jeronim.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Later captains and commanders of the cavalry unit were Frane (1561, 1571; deceased 1588), Gašpar (1587–89; deceased 1613), Juraj (1594; deceased c. 1625), Petar (1594), Marko (1608), Šimun (1645; deceased 1652), Frane (1643; deceased c. 1666), Pavao (1709), Ivan Petar (1716), and Petar (1730-1760s; deceased 1771).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

During the Cretan War (1645–1669) and Morean War (1684–1699) between the Republic of Venice and Ottoman Empire, the most prominent was count and colonel Frane of Gašpar Posedarski.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He was appointed as the army commander of that area by Provveditore Generale in Dalmatia, Leonardo Foscolo, and fought alongside Morlachian leaders like Petar Smiljanić, Vuk Mandušić, Stjepan Sorić and others.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He participated in defence and conquest of Novigrad (1646–1647), liberation of Klis Fortress (1648), and died 1670.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He was mentioned in several epic verses of Razgovor ugodni naroda slovinskog (1756) by Andrija Kačić Miošić, where is described as a "mighty knight".{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} His brother Juraj was a captain and count, who as a warrior and commander of the Morlach army participated in the liberation of Učitelja Vas, Islam Latinski and Ravni Kotari. After his death in 1679,{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} the commander became Stojan Janković, while his son Frane of Juraj became the governor of Nin as well the new colonel of Venetian forces. Frane died in 1717, with the last male descendant being his son count Petar Posedarski, the governor and colonel who led the seigniory from 1730 until his death in 1771.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

The last direct descendant was the princess Domenika, daughter of Petar Posedarski, who married nobleman Josip Benja, with all the estates then owned by the noble family Benja-Posedarski from Zadar whose rights were confirmed by the government in Vienna in 1822. However, since the late 19th century due to agrarian reforms and especially 1940s, they have lost ownership over the estates.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The branch perished with counts Antun (dec. 1952) and Darinka Benja Posedarski (née Pavličević, dec. 1975) who did not have any descendants.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

Notable members

  • Stjepan Posedarski (15th-16th century), a humanist, chaplain and envoy of Ivan Karlović, who in his work wrote about the difficulties Croats faced after the Battle of Krbava Field (1493) with the anti-Ottoman sentiment, specifically in his Oratio (1519) to Pope Leo X.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}[10][11][12]
  • Martin Posedarski (mid-16th century-1601), a count who since 1590 lived in Senj, participated in the Battle of Klis (1596) and dissatisfied with Venetian military policy against Ottomans permanently joined Uskoks from Senj as their military commander.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In 1599 with 500 soldiers and 17 Uskok ships in the port of Rovinj captured 9 Venetian Galleys, because of which was executed by Austrian general Josip Rabatta in 1601.[13]
  • Frane Posedarski (died 1670), count and colonel who fought during the Cretan War (1645–1669) and Morean War (1684–1699).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

See also

Annotations

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References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Ljubović, Enver (2001). Grbovi plemstva Gacke i Like. Adamić. str. 136. ISBN 978-953-6531-75-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=kZNxAAAAMAAJ. 
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ljubović, Enver (2003). Grbovi plemstva Like, Gacke i Krbave. Megrad. str. 191–192. ISBN 953-99305-0-2. 
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=citation }}
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Błąd rozszerzenia cite: Błąd w składni elementu <ref>. Brak tekstu w przypisie o nazwie VMazuranic
  5. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=citation }}
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 Błąd rozszerzenia cite: Błąd w składni elementu <ref>. Brak tekstu w przypisie o nazwie Amer
  7. ↑ Eva-Katharin Ledel (2017). Die Wiener Handschrift des Wappenbuchs von Sankt Christoph auf dem Arlberg.. University of Vienna. str. 366–367. 
  8. ↑ Clemmensen, Steen, ur. (2011). The Herald's Book al. Livro de Arautos al. De ministerio armorum: An armorial of the Council of Constance 1414–1418 by an anonymous Portuguese herald. Manchester, John Rylands University Library Ms. Latin 28. str. 3, 16. http://www.armorial.dk/german/Arautos.pdf. 
  9. ↑ Clemmensen, Steen, ur. (2013). Jörg Rugens Wappenbuch. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek für Tirol in Innsbruck. str. 180. http://www.armorial.dk/german/RugenWB.pdf. 
  10. ↑ John V. A. (Jr.) Fine (2010). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods. University of Michigan Press. str. 191. ISBN 0-472-02560-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C. 
  11. ↑ Thomas, David; Chesworth, John A. (2015). Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History.: Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500–1600). BRILL. str. 492, 499, 513. ISBN 978-90-04-29848-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=nohjCgAAQBAJ. 
  12. ↑ Špoljarić, Luka (2016). "Illyrian Trojans in a Turkish Storm: Croatian Renaissance Lords and the Politics of Dynastic Origin Myths". Portraying the Prince in the Renaissance: The Humanist Depiction of Rulers in Historiographical and Biographical Texts. De Gruyter. str. 137, 143–145. ISBN 978-3-11-047337-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=A0NbDAAAQBAJ. 
  13. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=citation }}

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