|
|
| (Nie pokazano 23 pośrednich wersji utworzonych przez tego samego użytkownika) |
| Linia 1: |
Linia 1: |
| − | [[Kategoria:2]] | + | #PATRZ [[Panonska Hrvatska]] |
| − | [[Kategoria:Strony przetłumaczone z angielskiej Wikipedii]]
| |
| − | [[Kategoria:Strony przetłumaczone z chorwackiej Wikipedii]]
| |
| − | {{Uwaga|
| |
| − | |strona = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Pannonian_Croatia
| |
| − | |autorzy = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Pannonian_Croatia&action=history
| |
| − | |nota = angielski
| |
| − | }}
| |
| | | | |
| − | {|
| + | [[Kategoria:Przekierowane]] |
| − | |
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {|
| |
| − | |-style="vertical-align:top;"
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | {{Duplication|dupe=Lower Pannonia (9th century)|date=October 2017}}{{Dispute about|1=Lower Pannonia≠Pannonian Croatia|date=October 2017}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{Infobox country
| |
| − | |native_name = ''Kneževina Panonska Hrvatska''<br />''Kneževina Slavonija''
| |
| − | |conventional_long_name = Duchy of Pannonian Croatia
| |
| − | |common_name = Pannonian Croatia
| |
| − | |era = Middle Ages
| |
| − | |nation =
| |
| − | |year_start = 7th century
| |
| − | |year_end = 10th century
| |
| − | |date_start =
| |
| − | |date_end =
| |
| − | |event_start =
| |
| − | |event_end =
| |
| − | |religion =[[Christianity]]
| |
| − | |currency =
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |<!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 --->
| |
| − | |p1 = Pannonia Savia
| |
| − | |flag_p1 = Simple Labarum.svg
| |
| − | |s1 = Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)
| |
| − | |image_s1 = [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Croatia (925).svg|20px|link=Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)]]
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |image_flag =
| |
| − | |image_coat =
| |
| − | |image_map = Gesta hungarorum map.jpg
| |
| − | |image_map_caption = Duchy of Pannonian Croatia (peach coloured) under Braslav in the 9th century on an old map of Hungarian historian Dr. Márki Sándor
| |
| − | |common_languages =[[Croatian language|Old Croatian]]
| |
| − | |capital = [[Sisak]]
| |
| − | |today = [[Croatia]]<br>[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]<br>[[Slovenia]]<br>[[Hungary]]<br>[[Serbia]]
| |
| − | |national_anthem =
| |
| − | |government_type = [[Duchy]]
| |
| − | |leader1 =
| |
| − | |year_leader1 =
| |
| − | |leader2 =
| |
| − | |year_leader2 =
| |
| − | |leader3 =
| |
| − | |year_leader3 =
| |
| − | |leader4 =
| |
| − | |year_leader4 =
| |
| − | |leader5 =
| |
| − | |year_leader5 =
| |
| − | |title_leader =
| |
| − | |title_deputy =
| |
| − | |deputy1 =
| |
| − | |year_deputy1 =
| |
| − | |deputy2 =
| |
| − | |year_deputy2 =
| |
| − | |stat_year1 =
| |
| − | |stat_area1 =
| |
| − | |stat_pop1 =
| |
| − | |footnotes = }}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | The '''Duchy of Pannonian Croatia''' ({{lang-hr|Kneževina Panonska Hrvatska}}) is a name used in Croatian historiography for a medieval [[Slavs|Slavic]] duchy from the 7th to the 10th century located in the [[Pannonian Plain]] approximately between the rivers [[Drava]] and [[Sava]] in today's [[Croatia]].<ref>Hrvoje Gračanin, "Od Hrvata pak koji su stigli u Dalmaciju odvojio se jedan dio i zavladao Ilirikom i Panonijom : Razmatranja uz DAI c. 30, 75-78", Povijest u nastavi, Vol.VI No.11 (1) Lipanj 2008, p. 74</ref> At times, the duchy extended considerably to the south of the Sava, encompassing most of its basin. Its political center was in [[Sisak]].
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==History==
| |
| − | [[Slavs]] came to the territory of the former [[Roman province]] [[Pannonia]] in the late 6th and early 7th century, as evidenced by many archeological finds. According to [[De administrando imperio]], at the time of the rule of Emperor [[Herakleios]] (610–640), [[Croats]] arrived in [[Dalmatia]], founded a duchy there and, shortly afterward, a part of them went to the north to Pannonia and founded another duchy there (Pannonian Croatia).
| |
| − | | |
| − | In the late 7th century or in the 8th century, the Duchy became vassalaged to the [[Avar Khaganate|Avar Empire]], as archaeological finds suggest.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} After the defeat of the Avar Empire by Frankish troops, Duke [[Vojnomir]] was assigned the Duchy as a vassal of the Frankish [[margrave]] of [[March of Friuli|Friuli]].<ref name=Speculum>{{cite book | last=Mediaeval Academy of America | first= | page=230 | url=https://books.google.hr/books?ei=_2mWTL65NJiT4gaxpuGBBA&ct=result&id=_BQbAAAAIAAJ&dq=Erich+of+Friuli&q=Croatian | title=Speculum | year=1945 | publisher=University of California | isbn=}}</ref>{{better source|date=October 2017}} The Duchy failed to end Frankish domination during a rebellion under Duke [[Ljudevit Posavski]] in the early 9th century.
| |
| − | | |
| − | In 827, the [[Bulgarians]] invaded and conquered the Duchy and parts of territories to the north of it. In 829 they imposed a local Duke [[Ratimir]] as the new ruler of Pannonian Croatia in their name.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} The Franks however claimed the territory, which in their view belonged (since 827) to the March of Carantania and thus under the rule of Count [[Radbod (prefect)|Ratbod]]{{dubious|date=August 2017|reason=Ratbod was not appointed as prefect until 833}}, who had been head of the [[Avar March]] and [[March of Carinthia|March of Carantania]] since 828.
| |
| − | | |
| − | In 838, Ratbod deposed Ratimir and subordinated the Duchy to the Frankish March of Carantania. Another known ruler of Pannonian Croatia was [[Braslav, Duke of Lower Pannonia|Braslav]], who ruled there in 880–898 or 900, still vassalaged to the Kingdom of East Francia.
| |
| − | | |
| − | In the 10th century, under Duke (later King) [[Tomislav]], the Duchy of Pannonian Croatia might have been united with [[Principality of Littoral Croatia|Littoral Croatia]] to form the [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom of Croatia]].<ref name="JLZ">{{cite book|title=[[General Encyclopedia of the Yugoslavian Lexicographical Institute|Opća enciklopedija JLZ]]|work=[[Yugoslavian Lexicographical Institute]]|location=[[Zagreb]]|year=1982}}</ref> The sources of the extent of Tomislav's kingdom are however conflicting.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Rulers==
| |
| − | *[[Vojnomir of Pannonian Croatia|Vojnomir]] (c. 790–c. 800 or 791–c. 810)
| |
| − | *[[Ljudevit Posavski]] (810–823)
| |
| − | *[[Ratimir of Pannonian Croatia|Ratimir]] (829–838)
| |
| − | *[[Braslav of Pannonian Croatia|Braslav]] (880–c. 887 or 900)
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==See also==
| |
| − | {{History of Croatia}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | * [[Medieval Croatian state]]
| |
| − | *[[Dukes of Croatia]]
| |
| − | *[[Duchy of Croatia]]
| |
| − | *[[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom of Croatia]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==References==
| |
| − | {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==External links==
| |
| − | *[https://books.google.hr/books?id=M9fDifnkMJMC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=encyclopaedia+ethnic+groups+of+Europe+duchy+of+pannonian+Croatia&source=bl&ots=nHU3sIgeY0&sig=k92jlXdrkSmOAfB3evjbxifMdY0&hl=hr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj3keaSyvrVAhUHsxQKHXPOBLcQ6AEIXTAL#v=onepage&q=encyclopaedia%20ethnic%20groups%20of%20Europe%20duchy%20of%20pannonian%20Croatia&f=false The Duchy of Pannonian Croatia was established between Sava and Drava Rivers ]
| |
| − | *[https://www.scribd.com/document/145816236/Croatia-a-Nation-Forged-in-War Northern Pannonian Croatia was ruled by dukes]
| |
| − | *[http://www.croatia-in-english.com/images/maps/800s.jpg Map of Pannonian and Dalmatian Croatia ]
| |
| − | *[http://www.hervardi.com/images/slovenijeh025.jpg Map - Pannonian Duchy in the time of Ljudevit]
| |
| − | *[http://www.hervardi.com/images/slovenijeh027.jpg Map - Pannonian Principality in the time of Braslav]
| |
| − | <!--
| |
| − | *[http://www.magma.ca/~rendic/map_hrvatske_zemlje.gif Map]
| |
| − | -->
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{Croatia topics}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Duchy of Pannonian Croatia}}
| |
| − | [[Category:7th century in Croatia]]
| |
| − | [[Category:8th century in Croatia]]
| |
| − | [[Category:9th century in Croatia]]
| |
| − | [[Category:10th century in Croatia]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Medieval Croatia]]
| |
| − | [[Category:States and territories established in the 7th century]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Former Slavic countries]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Former countries in Europe]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina]] | |
