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| − | [[Kategoria:2]] | + | #PATRZ [[Panonska Hrvatska]] |
| − | [[Kategoria:Strony przetłumaczone z angielskiej Wikipedii]]
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| − | {{Uwaga|
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| − | |strona = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Pannonian_Croatia
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| − | |autorzy = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Pannonian_Croatia&action=history
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| − | The '''Duchy of Pannonian Croatia''' ({{lang-hr|Kneževina Panonska Hrvatska}}) is a name used in Croatian historiography for a medieval [[Slavs|Slavic]] duchy from the 7th to the 10th century located in the [[Pannonian Plain]] approximately between the rivers [[Drava]] and [[Sava]] in today's [[Croatia]].<ref>Hrvoje Gračanin, "Od Hrvata pak koji su stigli u Dalmaciju odvojio se jedan dio i zavladao Ilirikom i Panonijom : Razmatranja uz DAI c. 30, 75-78", Povijest u nastavi, Vol.VI No.11 (1) Lipanj 2008, p. 74</ref> At times, the duchy extended considerably to the south of the Sava, encompassing most of its basin. Its political center was in [[Sisak]].
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| − | ==History==
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| − | [[Slavs]] came to the territory of the former [[Roman province]] [[Pannonia]] in the late 6th and early 7th century, as evidenced by many archeological finds. According to [[De administrando imperio]], at the time of the rule of Emperor [[Herakleios]] (610–640), [[Croats]] arrived in [[Dalmatia]], founded a duchy there and, shortly afterward, a part of them went to the north to Pannonia and founded another duchy there (Pannonian Croatia).
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| − | In the late 7th century or in the 8th century, the Duchy became vassalaged to the [[Avar Khaganate|Avar Empire]], as archaeological finds suggest.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} After the defeat of the Avar Empire by Frankish troops, Duke [[Vojnomir]] was assigned the Duchy as a vassal of the Frankish [[margrave]] of [[March of Friuli|Friuli]].<ref name=Speculum>{{cite book | last=Mediaeval Academy of America | first= | page=230 | url=https://books.google.hr/books?ei=_2mWTL65NJiT4gaxpuGBBA&ct=result&id=_BQbAAAAIAAJ&dq=Erich+of+Friuli&q=Croatian | title=Speculum | year=1945 | publisher=University of California | isbn=}}</ref>{{better source|date=October 2017}} The Duchy failed to end Frankish domination during a rebellion under Duke [[Ljudevit Posavski]] in the early 9th century.
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| − | In 827, the [[Bulgarians]] invaded and conquered the Duchy and parts of territories to the north of it. In 829 they imposed a local Duke [[Ratimir]] as the new ruler of Pannonian Croatia in their name.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} The Franks however claimed the territory, which in their view belonged (since 827) to the March of Carantania and thus under the rule of Count [[Radbod (prefect)|Ratbod]]{{dubious|date=August 2017|reason=Ratbod was not appointed as prefect until 833}}, who had been head of the [[Avar March]] and [[March of Carinthia|March of Carantania]] since 828.
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| − | In 838, Ratbod deposed Ratimir and subordinated the Duchy to the Frankish March of Carantania. Another known ruler of Pannonian Croatia was [[Braslav, Duke of Lower Pannonia|Braslav]], who ruled there in 880–898 or 900, still vassalaged to the Kingdom of East Francia.
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| − | In the 10th century, under Duke (later King) [[Tomislav]], the Duchy of Pannonian Croatia might have been united with [[Principality of Littoral Croatia|Littoral Croatia]] to form the [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom of Croatia]].<ref name="JLZ">{{cite book|title=[[General Encyclopedia of the Yugoslavian Lexicographical Institute|Opća enciklopedija JLZ]]|work=[[Yugoslavian Lexicographical Institute]]|location=[[Zagreb]]|year=1982}}</ref> The sources of the extent of Tomislav's kingdom are however conflicting.
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| − | ==Rulers==
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| − | *[[Vojnomir of Pannonian Croatia|Vojnomir]] (c. 790–c. 800 or 791–c. 810)
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| − | *[[Ljudevit Posavski]] (810–823)
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| − | *[[Ratimir of Pannonian Croatia|Ratimir]] (829–838)
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| − | *[[Braslav of Pannonian Croatia|Braslav]] (880–c. 887 or 900)
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | {{History of Croatia}}
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| − | * [[Medieval Croatian state]]
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| − | *[[Dukes of Croatia]]
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| − | *[[Duchy of Croatia]]
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| − | *[[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom of Croatia]]
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | *[https://books.google.hr/books?id=M9fDifnkMJMC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=encyclopaedia+ethnic+groups+of+Europe+duchy+of+pannonian+Croatia&source=bl&ots=nHU3sIgeY0&sig=k92jlXdrkSmOAfB3evjbxifMdY0&hl=hr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj3keaSyvrVAhUHsxQKHXPOBLcQ6AEIXTAL#v=onepage&q=encyclopaedia%20ethnic%20groups%20of%20Europe%20duchy%20of%20pannonian%20Croatia&f=false The Duchy of Pannonian Croatia was established between Sava and Drava Rivers ]
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| − | *[https://www.scribd.com/document/145816236/Croatia-a-Nation-Forged-in-War Northern Pannonian Croatia was ruled by dukes]
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| − | *[http://www.croatia-in-english.com/images/maps/800s.jpg Map of Pannonian and Dalmatian Croatia ]
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| − | *[http://www.hervardi.com/images/slovenijeh025.jpg Map - Pannonian Duchy in the time of Ljudevit]
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| − | *[http://www.hervardi.com/images/slovenijeh027.jpg Map - Pannonian Principality in the time of Braslav]
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| − | {{Ficha de estado desaparecido
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| − | |nombre_oficial = ''Kneževina Panonska Hrvatska''<br />''Kneževina Slavonija''
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| − | |nombre_completo =
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| − | |nombre_común = Pannonian Croatia (łac.)
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| − | |status = niepodległe
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| − | |status_texto = xxx
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| − | |imperio = Europa
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| − | <!-- p1, p2, etc. son países predecesores -->
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| − | |p1 = Pannonia Savia
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| − | |s1 = Królestwo Chorwacji (925–1102)
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| − | |bandera_s1 = Flag of the Kingdom of Croatia (925).svg
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| − | |bandera = si
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| − | |mapa =Gesta hungarorum map.jpg
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| − | |aclaración_mapa = Księstwo Chorwacji Panońskiej (w kolorze brzoskwiniowym) pod panowaniem Braslava w IX wieku na starej mapie węgierskiego historyka Dr. Márki Sándor
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| − | <small><small>
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| − | [[Plik:Flag_of_Croatia.svg|23px]] Chorwacja<br>
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| − | [[Plik:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg|23px]] Bośnia i Hercegowina<br>
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| − | [[Plik:Flag_of_Serbia.svg|23px|border]] Serbia<br/>
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| − | [[Pli:lag_of_Slovenia.svg|23px|border]] Słowenia<br/>
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| − | [[Plik:Flag_of_Hungary.svg|23px|border]] Węgry
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| − | }}
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| − | {{SORTUJ:Chorwacja, Panońska}}
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| − | [[Kategoria:Chorwacja]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Historia Chorwacji]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Historia Bośni]] | |
