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| − | [[Kategoria:1a]] | + | #PATRZ [[Demeter]] |
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| − | {{Uwaga|
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| − | |strona = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_of_Esztergom
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| − | |autorzy = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demetrius_of_Esztergom&action=history
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| − | {{Redoslijed|
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| − | |poprzednik = [[Mariadi Demeter]]
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| − | |gl_članak_funkcija = [[Skarbnik królewski]]<br>(31 maja 1359 – 2 września 1370)
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| − | |współrządzący =
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| − | |następca = [[De Surdis János]]
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| − | {{Infobox Christian leader
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| − | | type = Cardinal
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| − | | honorific-prefix = His Eminence
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| − | | name = Demetrius
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| − | | honorific-suffix =
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| − | | title = [[Archbishop of Esztergom|Cardinal Archbishop of Esztergom]]
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| − | | image = Demeter esztergomi érsek pecsétje.jpg
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| − | | imagesize =
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| − | | caption = Seal of Archbishop Demetrius
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| − | | province =
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| − | | archdiocese = [[Archdiocese of Esztergom]]
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| − | | appointed=16 August 1378
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| − | | term_end = 23 January 1387
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| − | | predecessor = [[John de Surdis]]
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| − | | successor = [[John Kanizsai]]
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| − | | ordination =
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| − | | consecration =
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| − | | cardinal = 18 October 1378
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| − | | created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Urban VI]]
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| − | | other_post = [[Bishop of Zagreb]]<br>[[Bishop of Transylvania]]<br>[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Syrmia|Bishop of Syrmia]]
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| − | <!---------- Personal details ---------->
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| − | | birth_name =
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| − | | birth_date =
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| − | | birth_place =
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| − | | death_date = 20 February 1387
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| − | | nationality =
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| − | | religion = [[Roman Catholicism]]
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| − | | residence =
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| − | | parents =
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| − | | coat_of_arms =
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| − | '''Demetrius''' ({{lang-hu|Demeter}}; died 20 February 1387), was a Hungarian cardinal and politician, who served as [[archbishop of Esztergom]] and [[bishop of Zagreb]] and [[Bishop of Transylvania|Transylvania]], and chancellor.
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| − | == Origins and early career ==
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| − | Nothing is known about the origin of Demetrius, who would rise to the highest ecclesiastical titles, but it is presumed that he came from a family of peasants. His father was a certain Peter. Other historians claimed he belonged to the [[Kaplon (genus)|Kaplon]] of Kaplai kindreds, or was a member of the Bajoni noble family. Towards the end of his life, he appeared in contemporary sources as '''Demetrius of Vaskút''' ({{lang-hu|Vaskúti Demeter}}), after receiving land donations in [[Nógrád County (former)|Nógrád]] and Gömör Counties in 1381.
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| − | Along with his brother Philip, he was raised together with [[Charles I of Hungary|King Charles I's]] eldest son, [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis]], who would become King Louis I in 1342. In 1356, he became [[Keeper of the Seals]] thus permanently belonged to the escort of Louis I. Three years later, he was put in charge of the [[Royal treasurer (Kingdom of Hungary)|royal treasury]]. In this capacity, he oversaw the treasury's goods and gifts (''munera''), and also retained and stored the royal charters on estate donations. According to historian [[Pál Engel]], the office of treasurer was emerged into permanent status by 1377, possibly on the initiative of Demetrius himself. At this time, he began his ecclesiastical career, becoming canon of Pécs in 1363 and provost of [[Eger]]. In July 1364, [[Pope Urban V]] appointed him bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Syrmia|Syrmia]] but Demetrius did not assume the office until 1 April 1365. On 28 June 1368, Demetrius was also made bishop of Transylvania. During his tenure as bishop of Transylvania, Demetrius had a cloister built for the [[Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit]]. From May to July 1375, he was also mentioned as secret chancellor in the royal court. In the same year, he participated in negotiations over the future marriage of [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund of Luxemburg]] and Princess [[Mary, Queen of Hungary|Mary]].
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| − | == As chancellor and cardinal ==
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| − | Demetrius, recently created Chancellor of the Kingdom (a post he would hold until his death), had to leave the court having been given the bishopric of Zagreb by [[Pope Gregory XI]] on 23 January 1376. On 16 August 1378, [[Pope Urban VI]] appointed him archbishop of Esztergom and made him a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] and titular cardinal-priest of [[Santi Quattro Coronati]] on 18 October. Demetrius never visited Rome as a cardinal and became papal ambassador in Hungary. As (lord) chancellor, Demetrius was also head of the newly emerged court of special presence (a predecessor institution of the [[Chief Justice of Hungary|chief justice]]), however the judicial function was performed by his deputies (the most notable one was [[John of Küküllő]]). As archbishop of Esztergom, Demetrius officiated at the funeral of King Louis I on 16 September 1382 and [[coronation of the Hungarian monarch|crowned]] [[Mary, Queen of Hungary|Mary]], Louis I's elder daughter and successor on the Hungarian throne, the following day in [[Székesfehérvár Basilica]]. In 1384, Cardinal Demetrius travelled to Poland with significant armed escort, accompanying Louis I's younger daughter, [[Hedwig of Poland|Saint Hedwig]], who had been elected to succeed her father on the throne of Poland.
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| − | In August 1385, the Archbishop performed the marriage ceremony between Queen Mary and [[Sigismund of Luxembourg]], thus infuriating the Queen's mother and regent, [[Elizabeth of Bosnia]]. The queen dowager wanted to retaliate to the marriage by trying to deprive the archbishop of his see.<ref name="Goodman, 223">Goodman, 223.</ref> Sigismund soon left the kingdom, enabling the Hungarian nobility to invite King [[Charles III of Naples]], the [[heir male]] of Louis I, to claim the throne. Charles successfully invaded Hungary and dethroned Mary. On 31 December 1385, Demetrius crowned him king of Hungary in the presence of the former queen, Mary, and the queen dowager, Elizabeth. However, Queen Elizabeth had King Charles II stabbed to death in her apartments in February 1386. Sigismund returned to Hungary shortly after to be crowned king as Mary's co-ruler, but Demetrius died before the coronation took place.
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| − | == References ==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | == Sources ==
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| − | {{Refbegin}}
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| − | * {{cite book |last=Bertényi |first=Iván |editor-last=Beke |editor-first=Margit |title=Esztergomi érsekek 1001–2003 ''[Archbishops of Esztergom 1001–2003]'' |publisher=Szent István Társulat |year=2003 |pages=188–196 |chapter=Demeter [''Demetrius''] |isbn=963-361-472-4 |language=hu |ref=harv}}
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| − | * {{cite book |last=Dobronić |first=Lelja |editor-last=Franko |editor-first=Mirošević |title=Zagrebački biskupi i nadbiskupi ''[Bishops and Archbishops of Zagreb]'' |publisher=Školska knjiga |year=1995 |pages=137–139 |chapter=Demetrij I. [''Demetrius I''] |isbn=953-0-60597-8 |language=hr |ref=harv}}
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| − | * {{cite book |last=Engel |first=Pál |authorlink=Pál Engel |year=1996 |title=Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. ''[Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I]'' |publisher=História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete |isbn=963-8312-44-0 |language=hu |ref=harv}}
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| − | * {{cite book |editor-last=Gillespie |editor-first=James |editor2=Goodman, Anthony |title=Richard II: The Art of Kingship |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-820189-3}}
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| − | * {{cite book |last=Mályusz |first=Elemér |year=1984 |title=Zsigmond király uralma Magyarországon, 1387–1437 ''[The Rule of King Sigismund in Hungary, 1387–1437]'' |publisher=Gondolat |language=hu |isbn=963-281-414-2 |ref=harv}}
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| − | * {{cite book |last=Markó |first=László |year=2006 |title=A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon ''[Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia]'' |publisher=Helikon Kiadó |isbn=963-208-970-7 |ref=harv|language=hu}}
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| − | * {{Cite book |last=Soós |first=Ferenc |year=1999 |title=Magyarország kincstartói, 1340–1540 ''[The royal purse-bearers of Hungary, 1340–1540]'' |publisher=Argumentum |isbn=963-446-118-2 |language=hu |ref=harv}}
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| − | * {{cite journal |last=Weisz |first=Boglárka |year=2015 |title=Ki volt az első kincstartó? A kincstartói hivatal története a 14. században [''Who Was the First Treasurer? The History of the Treasurer's Office in the 14th-Century''] |url= |format= |journal=Történelmi Szemle |location= |publisher=[[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]] |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=527–540 |issn=0040-9634|language=hu |ref=harv}}
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| − | {{Refend}}
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | * [http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/data/cardU06-1.htm#23427 Gcatholic.org]
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| − | {{S-start}}
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| − | {{S-hou|name=Demetrius||||20 February|1387|}}
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| − | {{S-off}}
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| − | {{S-bef|before=[[Demetrius Marjádi]] (?)}}
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| − | {{S-ttl | title = [[Royal treasurer (Kingdom of Hungary)|Royal treasurer]] | years=1359–1370}}
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| − | {{S-aft|after=[[John de Surdis]]}}
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| − | {{S-new}}
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| − | {{S-ttl | title = Lord Chancellor | years=1376–1387}}
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| − | {{S-aft|after=[[John Kanizsai]]}}
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| − | {{S-rel}}
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| − | |-
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| − | {{S-bef|before=Thomas}}
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| − | {{S-ttl | title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Syrmia|Bishop of Syrmia]] | years=1364–1368}}
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| − | {{S-aft|after=Stephen Paksi}}
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| − | |-
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| − | {{S-bef|before=[[Dominic Szécsi]]}}
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| − | {{S-ttl | title = [[Bishop of Transylvania]] | years=1368–1376}}
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| − | {{S-aft|after=[[Goblin, Bishop of Transylvania|Goblin]]}}
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| − | |-
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| − | {{S-bef|before=[[Stephen Kanizsai]]}}
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| − | {{S-ttl | title = [[Bishop of Zagreb]] | years=1376–1378}}
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| − | {{S-aft|after=[[Paul Horvat]]}}
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| − | |-
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| − | {{S-bef|before=[[John de Surdis]]}}
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| − | {{S-ttl | title = [[Archbishop of Esztergom]] | years=1378–1387}}
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| − | {{S-aft|after=[[John Kanizsai]]}}
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| − | {{End}}
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| − | {{authority control}}
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| − | [[Category:1387 deaths]]
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| − | [[Category:Archbishops of Esztergom]]
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| − | [[Category:14th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
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| − | [[Category:14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
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| − | [[Category:Hungarian cardinals]]
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| − | [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
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| − | [[Category:Royal treasurers (Kingdom of Hungary)]]
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| − | [[Category:Bishops of Zagreb]]
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| − | [[Category:14th-century Hungarian people]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Rodziny]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Debrői]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Skarbnicy królewscy]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Urzędnicy Królestwa Węgier]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Węgierscy dygnitarze historyczni]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Węgierscy szlachcice]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Węgierscy urzędnicy królewscy]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Nieznana data urodzenia]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Nieznana data urodzenia]] | |
