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| − | [[Kategoria:1bbrak]] | + | #PATRZ [[Mletačka opsada Zadra]] |
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| − | |strona = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Zadar_(1345%E2%80%9346)
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| − | |autorzy = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Zadar_(1345%E2%80%9346)&action=history
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| − | |nota = angielski
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| − | {| | + | {{SORTUJ:Oblężenie, Zara 02}} |
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| + | [[Kategoria:Przekierowane]] |
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| − | {{Infobox military conflict
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| − | |conflict=Siege of Zadar (1345–46)
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| − | |partof=the [[Croatian-Venetian wars]] and [[Hungarian–Venetian wars]]
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| − | |image=Jacopo Tintoretto - Conquest of Zara - WGA22631.jpg
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| − | |caption=The Conquest of Zara, painted by [[Tintoretto]] in 1584
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| − | |date=12 August 1345 – 21 December 1346
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| − | |place=City of [[Zadar]], [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia in personal union with Hungary]]
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| − | |result=Venetian victory, Zadar became part of the Republic of Venice (until 1357/58)
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| − | |combatant1={{flag|Republic of Venice}}
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| − | |combatant2=[[File:Coat of arms of Croatia 1495.svg|22px]] [[Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)|Kingdom of Croatia]]<br />[[File:Coa Hungary Country History Bela III (1172-1196).svg|22px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary]]<br /> City of [[Zadar]]
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| − | |commander1=Marco Giustiniani<br />Pietro de Canale<br />Pietro Civrano<br />[[Marino Faliero]]<br />Andrea Mauroceno<br />Pietro della Franteria
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| − | |commander2=[[File:Coa Hungary Country History Bela III (1172-1196).svg|22px]][[File:Coat of arms of Croatia 1495.svg|22px]] King [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis I]]<br /> Marko Corner, [[Knez (title)|knez (prince)]] of Zadar<br />Zoilo Uršulin<br />Ivan Škrbec
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| − | |strength1= 20,000 – 25,000
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| − | |strength2= 4,000 – 6,000 Zadar soldiers<br />20,000 – 100,000 king's soldiers (?)
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| − | |casualties1=min. 2,000 – 3,000
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| − | |casualties2=min. 500 Zadar soldiers,<br />unknown number of king's soldiers
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| − | }}
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| − | The '''Siege of Zadar''' (12 August 1345 – 21 December 1346<ref name="The Opsidio Iadrensis">{{cite journal|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/131237|title=Srednjovjekovno djelo Obsidio Iadrensis / Opsada Zadra kao povijesni izvor za prikaz vojnopomorske moći Venecije u 14. stoljeću|trans-title=The medieval work Obsidio Iadrensis (The Siege of Zadar) as a historical source on the naval power of Venice in the 14th century|journal=Povijesni prilozi|volume=33|issue=47|last=Begonja|first=Sandra|location=[[Zagreb]]|publisher=Croatian Institute of History|year=2014|language=hr|format=PDF|accessdate=3 February 2020}}</ref>) was a successful attempt of the [[Republic of Venice]] to capture [[Zadar]] (or Zara), a [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatian]] coastal city in northern [[Dalmatia]]. It was a combined land and sea offensive<ref name="The Oxford Encyclopedia">{{cite book|title=[[The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology|The Oxford Encyclopedia]]|work=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=[[Oxford]]|year=2010}}</ref> by the Venetians, consisting of many separate battles and [[Military operation|operations]] against the citizens of Zadar, who refused to accept Venetian [[suzerainty]] and demanded autonomy. Despite receiving military aid from Croato-Hungarian king [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis the Angevin]], Zadar was unable to resist the siege and was finally defeated.
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| − | == Background ==
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| − | [[File:Konrad von Grünenberg - Beschreibung der Reise von Konstanz nach Jerusalem - Blatt 10r - 025.jpg|thumb|right|Image of Zadar in the Late Middle Ages]]
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| − | The siege resulted from the long-term complex political relations between the City of Zadar and the Republic of Venice as well as from the change of [[policy]] of the Croato-Hungarian ruler after the young Louis of Angevin ascended the throne in 1342. The king wished to maintain full control over the territory of the Kingdom of Croatia, including cities and towns of Dalmatia, most of which were in the hands of the Venetians. The citizens of Zadar rebelled against the rule of the ''Serenissima Repubblica'' in 1344, asking king Louis for help. He launched [[military campaign]]s to the south of Croatia in September 1344 and in July 1345, but they did not bring the desired breakthrough.
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| − | In the meantime the Venetians decided to protect their interests in Dalmatia, gathered troops (some 20,000 – 25,000) and sent them in the summer of 1345 to the area of Zadar. They had both [[Naval forces|naval]] and [[land forces]] at their disposal, whereas king Louis commanded only land forces.
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| − | == Siege ==
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| − | On 12 August 1345 Venetians started to [[Siege|besiege]] the city and the surrounding [[castle]]s. Their land army was commanded by Marco Giustiniani and their [[marine forces]] were under the command of Pietro de Canale.
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| − | The siege consisted of many separate operations, movements, [[battle]]s and other military activities, that can be divided into three [[Phase (combat)|phases]]. The first phase ended at the end of January 1346 with the Venetians' breaking of the [[Boom (navigational barrier)|harbour chain]] which from the beginning of siege prevented Venetian [[galley]]s from entering the Zadar port. The breaking enabled the besiegers to come closer to the [[Defensive wall|city walls]] and to control the movements of Zadar ships. In the meantime, Pietro Civrano took over supreme command of the Venetian forces as ''capitaneus generalis''.
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| − | The second phase was marked by the king Louis' army entering the conflict. In [[Spring (season)|late springtime]] the King's forces attacked the Venetian fortress (''bastida'') built near Zadar at the beginning of the siege, but without success. Although large in number (according some sources up to 100.000 men), they were compressed in the narrow passage between the fortress and the sea, so they could not come closer strong enough to capture the fortress. Besides, they were under heavy fire from two sides – from the Venetian ships and from [[Catapult|ballistic devices]] in the fortress. The major attack of the Croato-Hungarian forces took place on 1 July 1346, but at the end the Venetians carried the day. Louis the Angevin decided to retreat and ordered his troops to move northwards.
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| − | In the third phase Zadar's defenders remained alone. They were short of food and water and without new [[Military supply chain management|supply lines]], but they fought on until December. Finally, on 21 December 1346 the Venetian troops marched into town and took control of it.
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| − | == Aftermath ==
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| − | The city of Zadar remained under Venetian control until king Louis the Angevin invaded Venetian territories and captured all Dalmatian cities and islands in 1357. On 18 February 1358 the [[Treaty of Zadar]] was signed in the city, in which the Republic of Venice renounced the territory between the [[Gulf of Kvarner]] and the city of [[Durrës]] in favour of Louis.
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| − | Zadar remained a self-governing [[Community (administrative division)|community]] under Croato-Hungarian kings and queens until 1409, when it was sold, together with all of Dalmatia, to the Republic of Venice by the king [[Ladislaus of Naples]]. He was about to be defeated by his opponent for the crown, [[Sigismund of Hungary|Sigismund the Luxemburgian]], and took the opportunity to sell his "regal rights" over Dalmatia for the sum of 100.000 [[ducats]].
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | * [[Timeline of Croatian history]]
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| − | * [[Timeline of the Republic of Venice]]
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| − | * [[List of sieges]]
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| − | * [[Treaty of Zadar]]
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| − | * [[Siege of Zadar (998)]]
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| − | * [[Siege of Zara|Siege of Zadar (1202)]]
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| − | * [[Siege of Zara (1813)|Siege of Zadar (1813)]]
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| − | * [[Military history of Croatia]]
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| − | * [[Military history of the Republic of Venice]]
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| − | * [[Kingdom of Croatia (1102-1526)]]
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{Reflist}}
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | * [https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&pg=RA2-PA465&lpg=RA2-PA465&dq=siege+zadar+1345+1346&source=bl&ots=xcbYQa1_XI&sig=A4fB9BKabZ9GDz0OZAkZue2HvX4&hl=hr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjflpq-qefNAhXBvhQKHSsSCEwQ6AEILjAE#v=onepage&q=siege%20zadar%201345%201346&f=false Siege of Zadar - a long siege launched by the Venetian land and naval forces]
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| − | * [http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=193839 Siege of Zadar showed the naval power of Venice]
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| − | * [http://darhiv.ffzg.unizg.hr/2403/2/OPS.pdf Siege of Zadar – one of the longest sieges in Croatian history (16 months)] (''Croatian'')
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| − | * [http://bib.irb.hr/prikazi-rad?lang=EN&rad=25811 Diplomatic activities of the citizens of Zadar during the siege 1345-1346] (''Croatian'')
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| − | {{Wars and battles involving Croatia|state=autocollapse}}
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| − | {{Republic of Venice}}
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| − | {{coord missing|Hungary}}
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| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Zadar, oblężenie (1345-46)}}
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| − | [[Category:Sieges involving Croatia|Zadar]]
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| − | [[Category:Sieges involving the Republic of Venice|Zadar]]
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| − | [[Category:Battles involving medieval Croatia|Zadar]]
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| − | [[Category:1340s conflicts]]
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| − | [[Category:Venetian period in the history of Croatia]]
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| − | [[Category:1345 in Europe]]
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| − | [[Category:1346 in Europe]]
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| − | [[Category:Sieges|Zadar]]
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| − | [[Category:Battles involving Hungary in the Middle Ages|Zadar 1345]]
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| − | [[Category:Conflicts in 1345]]
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| − | [[Category:Conflicts in 1346]]
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| − | [[Category:History of Zadar]]
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| − | [[Category:Sieges of the Middle Ages|Zadar 1345]]
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| − | [[Category:14th-century military history of Croatia|Zadar]]
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| − | [[Category:14th century in the Republic of Venice]] | |
