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| − | The '''Treaty of Speyer''', signed at the [[Diet of Speyer (1570)|Diet of Speyer]] in 1570, was a peace agreement between the two Hungarian Kingdoms, [[Royal Hungary]] led by [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]], and the [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]], ruled by [[John Sigismund Zápolya]].
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| − | ==Transylvania before the Treaty of Speyer==
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| − | Unlike the autonomous [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]], medieval Transylvania was not a separate Land of the [[Holy Crown of Hungary]], it was simply an administratively distinct<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Carlile Aylmer Macartney]]|title=Hungary: From Ninth Century Origins to the 1956 Uprising|publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]]|year=2008|page=23|isbn=9780202366654|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjInqy_sxisC&pg=PA23&dq=%22Unlike+Croatia,+however,+Transylvania+was+not+a+separate+Land+of+the+Hungarian+Crown,+but+simply+an+administratively+distinct+part+of+the+kingdom+of+Hungary.%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Unlike%20Croatia%2C%20however%2C%20Transylvania%20was%20not%20a%20separate%20Land%20of%20the%20Hungarian%20Crown%2C%20but%20simply%20an%20administratively%20distinct%20part%20of%20the%20kingdom%20of%20Hungary.%22&f=false|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514103056/https://books.google.com/books?id=kjInqy_sxisC&pg=PA23&dq=%22Unlike+Croatia,+however,+Transylvania+was+not+a+separate+Land+of+the+Hungarian+Crown,+but+simply+an+administratively+distinct+part+of+the+kingdom+of+Hungary.%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Unlike%20Croatia%2C%20however%2C%20Transylvania%20was%20not%20a%20separate%20Land%20of%20the%20Hungarian%20Crown%2C%20but%20simply%20an%20administratively%20distinct%20part%20of%20the%20kingdom%20of%20Hungary.%22&f=false|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-05-14}}</ref>, and an integral part<ref>{{cite book|author=Felicia Rosu|title=Elective Monarchy in Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania, 1569-1587|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2017|page=24|isbn=9780192506436|url=https://books.google.com/books?dq=transylvania+%22integral+part%22&hl=en&id=Y_pADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=transylvania%20%22integral%20part%22&f=false|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514102659/https://books.google.com/books?dq=transylvania+%22integral+part%22&hl=en&id=Y_pADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=transylvania%20%22integral%20part%22&f=false|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=[[Rogers Brubaker]]|author2=Margit Feischmidt|author3=Jon Fox|author4=Liana Grancea|title=Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=2018|page=57|isbn=9780880334792|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n_1ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=transylvania+%22integral+part%22&source=bl&ots=XoGMkPvfb0&sig=ACfU3U2FtJtvoX5yrFfOxyi3jeMic90dPQ&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=transylvania%20%22integral%20part%22&f=false|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514102844/https://books.google.com/books?id=n_1ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=transylvania+%22integral+part%22&source=bl&ots=XoGMkPvfb0&sig=ACfU3U2FtJtvoX5yrFfOxyi3jeMic90dPQ&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=transylvania%20%22integral%20part%22&f=false|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
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| − | ==Status of Transylvania after the treaty==
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| − | John Sigismund abdicated as King of Hungary, however, Maximilian II recognized John Sigismund's authority as "''Prince of Transylvania''" and, in return, John Sigismund accepted Maximilian II as King of Hungary with suzerainty over his principality.<ref name="Pettegree">Andrew Pettegree, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdSVnJDClesC&pg=PA192 ''The Reformation World''], Routledge, 2000, p. 192</ref>
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| − | [[Image:Partium1570.PNG|thumb|right|John Sigismund's realm in 1570]]
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| − | John Sigismund became ''princeps Transsylvaniae et partium regni Hungariae dominus'' – Prince of Transylvania and of [[Partium|a part of the Kingdom of Hungary]].<ref name="Keul">István Keul, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5J09mqMWiogC&pg=PA40 ''Early modern religious communities in East-Central Europe: ethnic diversity, denominational plurality, and corporative politics in the principality of Transylvania (1526–1691)''], BRILL, 2009, p. 61</ref> According to the treaty, the [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] continued to be part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in the sense of public law.<ref>Anthony Endrey, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ewYiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA70 ''The Holy Crown of Hungary''], Hungarian Institute, 1978, p. 70</ref>
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| − | This treaty, like the earlier [[Treaty of Nagyvárad]], endorsed the principle of a united Hungary. Partium and Transylvania were entrusted to John Sigismund Zápolya, as a vassal of Maximilian. As mentioned above, the Zápolyas had already held the Partium, but now the Habsburgs recognized their lordship. In a sense, John Sigismund traded his royal title for territory.
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| − | {{Treaties of Hungary}}
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{Reflist}}
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| − | [[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1918)|Speyer (1570)]]
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| − | [[Category:Treaties of the Habsburg Monarchy|Speyer (1570)]]
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| − | [[Category:1570 treaties]]
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| − | [[Category:1570 in Hungary]] | |
