Pavao Špirančić: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami

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==Biography==
 
==Biography==
Pavao Špirančić was born in the first half of the 15th century in [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Croatia]] which was in that time under the rule of Hungarian king. In the 1459, he was appointed as [[Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia]] by Hungarian king [[Matthias Corvinus]].<ref name="Klaić"/><ref name="HrEnc"/> Špirančić tried to gain support of [[Republic of Venice]] and make them an ally against [[Ottoman empire]] which posed great threat for his territories and [[Hungarian kingdom]]. His attempts were unsuccessful, mainly because of his conquest of city of [[Klis]] and surrounding towns and areas, which made him a threat for Venetians and some other Croatian nobles who had their possessions there.<ref name="HrEnc"/> He was also perceived as a threat by Bosnian king, who went to the Venetians and proclaimed him as an enemy.<ref name="Klaić"/> He was appointed again as [[Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia]] in 1463, together with Stjepan III Frankopan. In the same year, neighboring [[Kingdom of Bosnia]] was conquered by [[Ottoman empire]]. Last Bosnian king [[Stephen Tomašević]] was killed and his wife Marija fled to the Croatian littoral where she was captured by Pavao who was enemy of her husband.<ref name="Klaić"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Bosanska srednjevjekovna država i suvremenost|date=1996|publisher=Faculty of Political Sciences in Sarajevo|location=Sarajevo|url=https://docslide.net/documents/bosanska-srednjevjekovna-drzava-i-suvremenost.html|accessdate=4 March 2018|ref=BosSV}}</ref> As Pavao didn't get the help from Hungarian king, he was forced to ask Venetians for help. Later in the same year, his forces were defeated by Ottoman army and he was captured by the Ottomans where he died in captivity. Marija used that opportunity and fled to the Venetians. Pavao's wife Margareta was mentioned in the sources in the years after as "Banica" or "Princess of Cetina and Klis", but in 1466, Klis was taken by Croatian ban Ivan Thuz of Lak.<ref name="HrEnc"/>
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Pavao Špirančić urodził się w pierwszej połowie XV wieku w Chorwacji, która była wtedy pod panowaniem króla węgierskiego. W 1459 r. Został mianowany przez króla Macieja Korwina na Ban Chorwacji i Dalmacji [1] [2] Špirančić próbował zdobyć poparcie Republiki Weneckiej i sprzymierzyć się z imperium osmańskim, które stanowiło wielkie zagrożenie dla jego terytoriów i królestwa węgierskiego. Jego próby nie powiodły się, głównie z powodu podboju miasta Klis oraz okolicznych miast i terenów, co czyniło go zagrożeniem dla Wenecjan i niektórych innych chorwackich arystokratów, którzy mieli tam swój dobytek [2]. Był także postrzegany jako zagrożenie przez bośniackiego króla, który udał się do Wenecjan i ogłosił go wrogiem [1]. Został ponownie mianowany Banem Dalmacji i Chorwacji w 1463 r. Wraz ze Stjepanem III Frankopanem. W tym samym roku sąsiednie Królestwo Bośni zostało podbite przez Imperium Osmańskie. Ostatni król bośniacki Stephen Tomašević został zabity, a jego żona Mary uciekła do chorwackiego wybrzeża, gdzie została schwytana przez Pavao, który był wrogiem jej męża. [1] [3] Ponieważ Pavao nie otrzymał pomocy od węgierskiego króla, zostali zmuszeni poprosić Wenecjan o pomoc. Później w tym samym roku jego wojska zostały pokonane przez armię osmańską i został schwytany przez Turków, gdzie zmarł w niewoli. Mary wykorzystała tę okazję i uciekła do Wenecjan. Żona Pavao, Margareta, została wspomniana w źródłach w latach po „Banice” lub „Księżniczce Cetiny i Klis”, ale w 1466 r. Klis został zabrany przez chorwackiego bana Ivana Thuza z Lak [2].
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<small><small>Pavao Špirančić was born in the first half of the 15th century in [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Croatia]] which was in that time under the rule of Hungarian king. In the 1459, he was appointed as [[Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia]] by Hungarian king [[Matthias Corvinus]].<ref name="Klaić"/><ref name="HrEnc"/> Špirančić tried to gain support of [[Republic of Venice]] and make them an ally against [[Ottoman empire]] which posed great threat for his territories and [[Hungarian kingdom]]. His attempts were unsuccessful, mainly because of his conquest of city of [[Klis]] and surrounding towns and areas, which made him a threat for Venetians and some other Croatian nobles who had their possessions there.<ref name="HrEnc"/> He was also perceived as a threat by Bosnian king, who went to the Venetians and proclaimed him as an enemy.<ref name="Klaić"/> He was appointed again as [[Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia]] in 1463, together with Stjepan III Frankopan. In the same year, neighboring [[Kingdom of Bosnia]] was conquered by [[Ottoman empire]]. Last Bosnian king [[Stephen Tomašević]] was killed and his wife Marija fled to the Croatian littoral where she was captured by Pavao who was enemy of her husband.<ref name="Klaić"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Bosanska srednjevjekovna država i suvremenost|date=1996|publisher=Faculty of Political Sciences in Sarajevo|location=Sarajevo|url=https://docslide.net/documents/bosanska-srednjevjekovna-drzava-i-suvremenost.html|accessdate=4 March 2018|ref=BosSV}}</ref> As Pavao didn't get the help from Hungarian king, he was forced to ask Venetians for help. Later in the same year, his forces were defeated by Ottoman army and he was captured by the Ottomans where he died in captivity. Marija used that opportunity and fled to the Venetians. Pavao's wife Margareta was mentioned in the sources in the years after as "Banica" or "Princess of Cetina and Klis", but in 1466, Klis was taken by Croatian ban Ivan Thuz of Lak.<ref name="HrEnc"/> </small></small>
  
 
[[File:Klis Fortress.JPG|thumb|[[Klis Fortress]]]]
 
[[File:Klis Fortress.JPG|thumb|[[Klis Fortress]]]]

Wersja z 19:45, 1 gru 2019

Pavao Špirančić, također Sperančić s pridjevkom Horvat (lat. Paulus Speranchich) (?, prva polovica 15. stoljeća – ?, oko 1463.), hrvatsko-dalmatinski ban od 1459. do 1463. godine.

Godine 1459. postavio ga je kralj Matijaš Korvin (1458.-1490.) za bana Kraljevstva Hrvatske i Dalmacije i imenovao ga cetinskim i kliškim knezom. Kralj je uz njegovu pomoć i uz pomoć knezova Frankapana nastojao učvrstiti svoju vlast južno od Velebita i zaustaviti mletačka i osmanska teritorijalna presezanja u Hrvatskoj i Dalmaciji.[1]

Špirančić je pokušao utanačiti savez s Mletačkom Republikom, ali bez uspjeha, jer je njegovo nastojanje preuzimanja kraljevskih utvrda Ostrovice, Knina, Klisa i Sinja naišlo na otpor Mlečana i hrvatskih velikaša, osobito Talovaca. Godine 1463. kralj ga je opet imenovao banom, zajedno s knezom Stjepanom III. Frankapanom. Nakon pada Kraljevstva Bosne pod tursku vlast i područja pod banskom upravom našla su se na udaru osmanske vojne sile. U rujnu 1463. godine Osmanlije su porazile bansku vojsku, a sam je ban Špirančić zarobljen te je umro u zarobljeništvu.[2]

eng

Pavao Špirančić or Sperančić (c. 1400 – 1463) was a Croatian nobleman and the Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia from 1459 to 1463. In the sources he is often mentioned with the nickname Horvat. He was appointed as Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia by Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus.[3][4] With Pavao's and Frankopan family's help, the king Matthias tried to consolidate his power in the areas southern of mount Velebit, where Republic of Venice and Ottoman empire posed threat.[4]

Biography

Pavao Špirančić urodził się w pierwszej połowie XV wieku w Chorwacji, która była wtedy pod panowaniem króla węgierskiego. W 1459 r. Został mianowany przez króla Macieja Korwina na Ban Chorwacji i Dalmacji [1] [2] Špirančić próbował zdobyć poparcie Republiki Weneckiej i sprzymierzyć się z imperium osmańskim, które stanowiło wielkie zagrożenie dla jego terytoriów i królestwa węgierskiego. Jego próby nie powiodły się, głównie z powodu podboju miasta Klis oraz okolicznych miast i terenów, co czyniło go zagrożeniem dla Wenecjan i niektórych innych chorwackich arystokratów, którzy mieli tam swój dobytek [2]. Był także postrzegany jako zagrożenie przez bośniackiego króla, który udał się do Wenecjan i ogłosił go wrogiem [1]. Został ponownie mianowany Banem Dalmacji i Chorwacji w 1463 r. Wraz ze Stjepanem III Frankopanem. W tym samym roku sąsiednie Królestwo Bośni zostało podbite przez Imperium Osmańskie. Ostatni król bośniacki Stephen Tomašević został zabity, a jego żona Mary uciekła do chorwackiego wybrzeża, gdzie została schwytana przez Pavao, który był wrogiem jej męża. [1] [3] Ponieważ Pavao nie otrzymał pomocy od węgierskiego króla, zostali zmuszeni poprosić Wenecjan o pomoc. Później w tym samym roku jego wojska zostały pokonane przez armię osmańską i został schwytany przez Turków, gdzie zmarł w niewoli. Mary wykorzystała tę okazję i uciekła do Wenecjan. Żona Pavao, Margareta, została wspomniana w źródłach w latach po „Banice” lub „Księżniczce Cetiny i Klis”, ale w 1466 r. Klis został zabrany przez chorwackiego bana Ivana Thuza z Lak [2].

Pavao Špirančić was born in the first half of the 15th century in Croatia which was in that time under the rule of Hungarian king. In the 1459, he was appointed as Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia by Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus.[3][4] Špirančić tried to gain support of Republic of Venice and make them an ally against Ottoman empire which posed great threat for his territories and Hungarian kingdom. His attempts were unsuccessful, mainly because of his conquest of city of Klis and surrounding towns and areas, which made him a threat for Venetians and some other Croatian nobles who had their possessions there.[4] He was also perceived as a threat by Bosnian king, who went to the Venetians and proclaimed him as an enemy.[3] He was appointed again as Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia in 1463, together with Stjepan III Frankopan. In the same year, neighboring Kingdom of Bosnia was conquered by Ottoman empire. Last Bosnian king Stephen Tomašević was killed and his wife Marija fled to the Croatian littoral where she was captured by Pavao who was enemy of her husband.[3][5] As Pavao didn't get the help from Hungarian king, he was forced to ask Venetians for help. Later in the same year, his forces were defeated by Ottoman army and he was captured by the Ottomans where he died in captivity. Marija used that opportunity and fled to the Venetians. Pavao's wife Margareta was mentioned in the sources in the years after as "Banica" or "Princess of Cetina and Klis", but in 1466, Klis was taken by Croatian ban Ivan Thuz of Lak.[4] 

See also

External links

  • Sperančić, Pavao. Hrvatska enciklopedija . Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. (Hozzáférés: 4 March 2018)

Literature

Vidi još

Przypisy

  1. Pavao Sperančić - Hrvatska enciklopedija
  2. Pavao Sperančić - Hrvatska enciklopedija
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Klaić, Vjekoslav (1882). Poviest Bosne do propasti kraljevstva. Zagreb, Croatia: Dionička tiskara. str. 320, 322, 339. https://www.scribd.com/doc/26342443/Vjekoslav-Klai%C4%87-POVIJEST-BOSNE-DO-PROPASTI-KRALJEVSTVA. Pristupljeno 4 March 2018. 
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 Sperančić, Pavao. Hrvatska enciklopedija . Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. (Hozzáférés: 4 March 2018)
  5. Bosanska srednjevjekovna država i suvremenost. Sarajevo: Faculty of Political Sciences in Sarajevo. 1996. https://docslide.net/documents/bosanska-srednjevjekovna-drzava-i-suvremenost.html. Pristupljeno 4 March 2018. 

Vanjske poveznice

Sperancsics Pál
Pavao Špirančić

Ban Dalmacji i Chorwacji
Ban całej Slawonii
Ban Dalmacji i Chorwacji
Okres od 1459
do 1463
Poprzednik Újlaki V. Miklós
Następca Stjepan III. Frankapan
Ban całej Slawonii
Okres od 1459
do 1463
Poprzednik 1. Jan Vitovec
2. Nikola Iločki
Następca Szapolyai Imre
Dane biograficzne
Ród Špirančić
Pochodzenie chorwackie
Państwo Królestwo Węgier
w unii personalnej
z Królestwem Chorwacji
Urodziny ok.1400
Śmierć 1463
Ojciec nieznany
Matka nieznana