Posedarski (ród)

Źródło; Gusić family

Posedarski Herb Posedarski Kraj * Vassal to 18px Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)* Vassal to 18px Kingdom of Hungary (1102–1526) Tytuły Župan, Knez, Comes, Count, Graf, Baron, Ban Założyciel Pavao Rok założenia 11th century Rok złożenia z funkcji 1671 Pochodzenie etniczne chorwacka

Gusić {{{native_name }}}
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Inne nazwy	{{{other_name}}}
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Przodkowie	{{{parent house}}}
Dynastia	Croatian & Hungarian noble family
Kraj	* Vassal to 18px Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526) Vassal to 18px Kingdom of Hungary (1102–1526)
Posiadłości	{{{estates}}}
Tytulatura	Župan, Knez, Comes, Count, Graf, Baron, Ban
Tytuły	{{{styles}}}
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Założyciel	{{{founder}}}
Ostatni	{{{final ruler}}}
Aktualny	{{{current head}}}
Koniec	{{{dissolution}}}
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Pochodzenie	{{{ethnicity}}}
Młodsze gałęzie	Szablon:Collapsible list
Uwagi	{{{notes}}}

The Gusić family, also known as Gušić, was one of the twelve noble tribes of the Kingdom of Croatia, mentioned in the Pacta conventa. They originated from the hinterland of Biograd in the medieval Luka and Sidraga županijas, where are recorded at least since the 11th century. Their main regions of influence were Krbava and Gacka, where they often served as župans and knezes at least since the early 13th century. In the 14th century branched Posedarski who seated in Posedarje, and Kurjakovići who as magnates managed to gather much wealth and have high official positions at the Hungarian royal court as well two of their members became Ban of Croatia. As experienced warriors, they actively participated in the Croatian–Ottoman and late Ottoman–Venetian Wars. Direct descendants of the tribe with the surname Gusić, and possibly Gušić,Szablon:Refn live even today in Croatia and Slovenia.

Coat of arms

Plik:Gusić armor from Opus insignium armorumque.jpg

The family's coat of arms (top right, bottom), from Opus insignium armorumque (1687–1688) by Johann Weikhard von Valvasor.

Their heraldry appeared at least in 1278 (or 1367), and is one of the oldest Croatian coat of arms with a signature of a noble family. The faint trace of the seal of Gregorii comitis Corbauienssis had an image of a shield with a goose and outside of it two dragons. According to heraldist Bartol Zmajić, initially it probably had a red shield on which are three horizontal silver bars and on the top of it a crowned goose. These characteristics as a symbol of ancestry can be found in the coat of arms of younger noble families Izačić and Oštriharić.

The earliest depiction of Kurjaković's coat of arms is from German armorials Wiener handschrift, where is included in 1410 COA of Graff Karl Kurjaković the Ban of Dalmatia and Croatia, and Livro de Arautor written and painted by an anonymous Portuguese herald between 1416–1417, where is included COA of Graff Thomas Kurjaković. According to them the coat of arms was red with three or four silver diagonal-horizontal bars, on the first upper bar standing a goose, sometimes gold-reinforced and crowned. The helmet is silver, the mantle is red, with ornamental having a standing goose, sometimes crowned, on a golden crown. In the first had a small chain link with a certain alliance coat of arms with a lion, and there was a shaved wreath-shaped sign with possibly a dragon. The family's heraldry is also described in the Jörg Rugen's Wappenbuch from 1493–1499, as belonging to the Graff von Krawaten. In 1492 and 1527, Kurjaković's also on their seal had a goose inside a shield, with the one from 1492 more detailed having three bars and on the upper, a crowned goose facing right with a crown around a neck.

Due to this marriage relationships, the coat of arms of both Kurjaković and Lapčan family was united and by female line became part of the Austrian-Bavarian noble family of Sinzendorf since the 17th century. Since 1646 the coat of arms can be also found engraved at University of Padua as a memory of Nikola Posedarski's University's studying.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Several variations of the coat of arms of Carniolan noble branch, and as part of complex COA of noble families Sizendorf and Saleburg, featured in Opus insignium armorumque (1687–1688) by Johann Weikhard von Valvasor. One of the variations, with two dragons outside the shield and inside it a goose with a crown on head, neck, and feet, was described by Samuel Timon in 1736 and allegedly was on the tombstone of Ivan Karlović (died 1531). The Gusić family coat of arms also featured on the left side of COA of the former Lika-Krbava County (1881–1920) of Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

Posedarski branch

In 1194, the nobles Albus Slavogost and Dragoslav of Krbava,{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} received a grant by Béla III of Hungary with estates in Posedarje.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In 1219, the grant was confirmed by King Andrew II of Hungary, and Slavogost is again mentioned in 1249 and 1251 grants by Ban Stjepan and King Béla IV of Hungary.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} From him originated the branch.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Since the 14th century the family branch started calling themselves as Posdearski ("of Posedarje"), and have gained some estates in the city of Zadar.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In 1396, Stjepan son of Petar Posedarski bought for 3,000 florins Kačina Gorica, Suhovare, Grgurice and Krnica from Mihovil Kačić.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

The power of the family of Possidaria or de Posedarya,{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} was based on a rich economy and military, which lasted until the end of the 18th century. They were influential to the formation and command of an elite Croatian cavalry unit called as Cro(v)ati a cavallo or Cavalleria Croata which was used since the 15th century by the Republic of Venice in resistance against the Ottoman army forces.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Since the 15th century they actively fought as vassals of the Republic of Venice against the Ottomans, especially in the hinterland of Zadar.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Venetians called them into military service with high military title of colonel who commanded over all the officers, serdars, and harambašas, even replaced Venetian Provveditore Generale.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

In the 15th century, in 1495 count Juraj Posedarski of captain Petar helped Tomo Mogorović saving his brother Martin Mogorović from the Ottoman slavery by selling part of own estates, and was defending Obrovac when it fell to the Ottomans in 1527.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In the 16th century, in 1541 Vid Posedarski was a commander of Croatian cavalrymen in Venetian forces, as well commander of Croati a cavallo of the fraternity of St. Jeronim.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Later captains and commanders of the cavalry unit were Frane (1561, 1571; deceased 1588), Gašpar (1587–89; deceased 1613), Juraj (1594; deceased c. 1625), Petar (1594), Marko (1608), Šimun (1645; deceased 1652), Frane (1643; deceased c. 1666), Pavao (1709), Ivan Petar (1716), and Petar (1730-1760s; deceased 1771).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

During the Cretan War (1645–1669) and Morean War (1684–1699) between the Republic of Venice and Ottoman Empire, the most prominent was count and colonel Frane of Gašpar Posedarski.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He was appointed as the army commander of that area by Provveditore Generale in Dalmatia, Leonardo Foscolo, and fought alongside Morlachian leaders like Petar Smiljanić, Vuk Mandušić, Stjepan Sorić and others.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He participated in defence and conquest of Novigrad (1646–1647), liberation of Klis Fortress (1648), and died 1670.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He was mentioned in several epic verses of Razgovor ugodni naroda slovinskog (1756) by Andrija Kačić Miošić, where is described as a "mighty knight".{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} His brother Juraj was a captain and count, who as a warrior and commander of the Morlach army participated in the liberation of Učitelja Vas, Islam Latinski and Ravni Kotari. After his death in 1679,{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} the commander became Stojan Janković, while his son Frane of Juraj became the governor of Nin as well the new colonel of Venetian forces. Frane died in 1717, with the last male descendant being his son count Petar Posedarski, the governor and colonel who led the seigniory from 1730 until his death in 1771.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

The last direct descendant was the princess Domenika, daughter of Petar Posedarski, who married nobleman Josip Benja, with all the estates then owned by the noble family Benja-Posedarski from Zadar whose rights were confirmed by the government in Vienna in 1822. However, since the late 19th century due to agrarian reforms and especially 1940s, they have lost ownership over the estates.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The branch perished with counts Antun (dec. 1952) and Darinka Benja Posedarski (née Pavličević, dec. 1975) who did not have any descendants.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

Notable members

• Stjepan Posedarski (15th-16th century), a humanist, chaplain and envoy of Ivan Karlović, who in his work wrote about the difficulties Croats faced after the Battle of Krbava Field (1493) with the anti-Ottoman sentiment, specifically in his Oratio (1519) to Pope Leo X.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
• Martin Posedarski (mid-16th century-1601), a count who since 1590 lived in Senj, participated in the Battle of Klis (1596) and dissatisfied with Venetian military policy against Ottomans permanently joined Uskoks from Senj as their military commander.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In 1599 with 500 soldiers and 17 Uskok ships in the port of Rovinj captured 9 Venetian Galleys, because of which was executed by Austrian general Josip Rabatta in 1601.
• Frane Posedarski (died 1670), count and colonel who fought during the Cretan War (1645–1669) and Morean War (1684–1699).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

See also

• Croatian nobility
• Twelve noble tribes of Croatia
• List of noble families of Croatia

Annotations

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References

Notes

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