Banat Severin: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami

Z Felczak story
Przejdź do nawigacji Przejdź do wyszukiwania
Linia 669: Linia 669:
 
#1526-1860 Under Ottoman occupation
 
#1526-1860 Under Ottoman occupation
  
−
== Territory ==
+
== Terytorium ==
  
−
The Banate of Severin was a [[March (territorial entity)|march]] (or a border province) of the medieval [[Kingdom of Hungary]] between the [[Lower Danube]] and the [[Olt River]] (in present-day [[Oltenia]] in Romania).{{sfn|Papacostea|1998|p=230}}{{sfn|Curta|2006|p=407}}{{sfn|Madgearu|2017|p=207}} A charter of grant, issued on 2 June 1247 for the [[Knights Hospitallers]], mentioned the Olt as its eastern border.{{sfn|Papacostea|1998|p=230}} The Knights received the "Land of Severin" ''(Terra de Zeurino)'',{{sfn|Pop|2013|p=338}} along with the nearby mountains, from [[Béla IV of Hungary]].{{sfn|Papacostea|1998|p=230}}{{sfn|Makkai|1994b|pp=196–197}} The king had described the same region as a "deserted and depopulated" land in a letter to [[Pope Gregory IX]] on 7 June 1238.{{sfn|Madgearu|2017|p=208}} Modern scholars assume that either the Hungarian conquest of the territory or confrontations between Bulgaria and Hungary had forced the local population to flee.{{sfn|Madgearu|2017|p=208}} Historian László Makkai says, the population obviously began to increase by the end of the 1230s, because Béla requested the pope to appoint a bishop to Severin.<ref>{{Citation |last=Makkai |first=László |title=The Cumanian Country and the Province of Severin |publisher=Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Research Institute of Canada, Atlantic Research and Publications |year=2001–2002 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/74.html |access-date =12 April 2017}}</ref>
+
Banat Severin był marszem (lub prowincją graniczną) średniowiecznego Królestwa Węgier między Dolnym Dunajem a rzeką Olt (dzisiejsza Oltenia w Rumunii). [1] [2] [3] Karta dotacji wydana 2 czerwca 1247 r. Dla Rycerzy Szpitalników, wymienionych na Olt jako wschodniej granicy. [1] Rycerze otrzymali „Ziemię Severina” (Terra de Zeurino) [4] wraz z pobliskimi górami od Béli IV na Węgrzech. [1] [5] Król opisał ten sam region jako ziemię „opuszczoną i wyludnioną” w liście do papieża Grzegorza IX z 7 czerwca 1238 r. [6] Współcześni uczeni zakładają, że albo podbój terytorium Węgier, albo konfrontacje między Bułgarią a Węgrami zmusiły miejscową ludność do ucieczki [6]. Historyk László Makkai mówi, że populacja wyraźnie zaczęła rosnąć pod koniec lat 30. XX wieku, ponieważ Béla poprosiła papieża o mianowanie biskupa Severinem [7].
  
−
The 1247 charter of grant also mentioned that "Cumania" bordered the Land of Severin from the east.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=146}} The same diploma listed two [[Vlachs|Vlach]] (or Romanian) political units—the ''kenezatus'' of [[John (knez)|John]] and [[Farcaș]]—which were subjected to the Hospitallers on this occasion.{{sfn|Makkai|1994b|p=197}}{{sfn|Papacostea|1998|p=230}}{{sfn|Curta|2006|p=407}} A third ''kenezatus'', which was ruled by ''[[Voivode]]'' [[Litovoi]], was not included in the grant, but it was left to the Vlachs "as they had held it".{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=146}}{{sfn|Curta|2006|p=407}}{{sfn|Papacostea|1998|p=231}} However, Béla gave the Hospitallers the half of the royal revenues collected in Litovoi's land, with the exception of the revenues from the "Land of Hátszeg" (now [[Țara Hațegului]] in Romania).{{sfn|Curta|2006|pp=407–408}}{{sfn|Pop|2013|p=337}} Alexandru Madgearu says, the diploma shows that Litovoi's ''kenezatus'' bordered the Land of Severin to the north, thus the banate must have only included southern Oltenia in the middle of the 13th century.{{sfn|Madgearu|2017|p=207}} The ''kenezatus'' of ''Voivode'' [[Seneslau]], which was located to the east of the Olt, was fully excluded from the grant.{{sfn|Makkai|1994b|p=197}}
+
<small><small>The Banate of Severin was a [[March (territorial entity)|march]] (or a border province) of the medieval [[Kingdom of Hungary]] between the [[Lower Danube]] and the [[Olt River]] (in present-day [[Oltenia]] in Romania).{{sfn|Papacostea|1998|p=230}}{{sfn|Curta|2006|p=407}}{{sfn|Madgearu|2017|p=207}} A charter of grant, issued on 2 June 1247 for the [[Knights Hospitallers]], mentioned the Olt as its eastern border.{{sfn|Papacostea|1998|p=230}} The Knights received the "Land of Severin" ''(Terra de Zeurino)'',{{sfn|Pop|2013|p=338}} along with the nearby mountains, from [[Béla IV of Hungary]].{{sfn|Papacostea|1998|p=230}}{{sfn|Makkai|1994b|pp=196–197}} The king had described the same region as a "deserted and depopulated" land in a letter to [[Pope Gregory IX]] on 7 June 1238.{{sfn|Madgearu|2017|p=208}} Modern scholars assume that either the Hungarian conquest of the territory or confrontations between Bulgaria and Hungary had forced the local population to flee.{{sfn|Madgearu|2017|p=208}} Historian László Makkai says, the population obviously began to increase by the end of the 1230s, because Béla requested the pope to appoint a bishop to Severin.<ref>{{Citation |last=Makkai |first=László |title=The Cumanian Country and the Province of Severin |publisher=Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Research Institute of Canada, Atlantic Research and Publications |year=2001–2002 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/74.html |access-date =12 April 2017}}</ref> </small></small>
  
−
The bans initially had their seat at the fortress of Szörény (now [[Drobeta-Turnu Severin]] in Romania).{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=95}}{{sfn|Makkai|1994a|p=657}} After Szörény was lost in the late 13th century, the fort of Miháld (now [[Mehadia]] in Romania) was the center of the province.{{sfn|Makkai|1994a|p=657}} In addition to Miháld, the banate included Orsova (now [[Orșova]] in Romania) and the [[Romanian district]]s along the upper course of the [[Timiș River|Temes (Timiș) river]].{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=95}}{{sfn|Makkai|1994a|p=657}}
+
Grant czarterowy z 1247 r. Również wspomniał, że Kumania graniczyła z ziemią Severin od wschodu [8]. W tym samym dyplomie wymieniono dwie jednostki polityczne Vlach (lub rumuńskie) - Kenezatusa Johna i Farcașa - które zostały przy tej okazji poddane Szpitalnikom. [9] [1] [2] Trzeci kenezat, rządzony przez wojewodę litowojskim, nie został uwzględniony w grancie, ale pozostawiono go Wołaczom „tak, jak go trzymali”. [8] [2] [10] Jednak Béla przekazała szpitalnikom połowę królewskich dochodów zgromadzonych na ziemi Litovoi, z wyjątkiem dochodów z „Krainy Hegla” (obecnie Țara Hațegului w Rumunii) [11] [12] Alexandru Madgearu mówi, że dyplom pokazuje, że kenezat Litovoi graniczy z Ziemią Severin na północy, a zatem banat musiał obejmować tylko południową Oltenię w połowie XIII wieku. [3] Kenezatus wojewody Seneslau, znajdujący się na wschód od Olt, został całkowicie wyłączony z dotacji [9].
 +
 
 +
<small><small>The 1247 charter of grant also mentioned that "Cumania" bordered the Land of Severin from the east.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=146}} The same diploma listed two [[Vlachs|Vlach]] (or Romanian) political units—the ''kenezatus'' of [[John (knez)|John]] and [[Farcaș]]—which were subjected to the Hospitallers on this occasion.{{sfn|Makkai|1994b|p=197}}{{sfn|Papacostea|1998|p=230}}{{sfn|Curta|2006|p=407}} A third ''kenezatus'', which was ruled by ''[[Voivode]]'' [[Litovoi]], was not included in the grant, but it was left to the Vlachs "as they had held it".{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=146}}{{sfn|Curta|2006|p=407}}{{sfn|Papacostea|1998|p=231}} However, Béla gave the Hospitallers the half of the royal revenues collected in Litovoi's land, with the exception of the revenues from the "Land of Hátszeg" (now [[Țara Hațegului]] in Romania).{{sfn|Curta|2006|pp=407–408}}{{sfn|Pop|2013|p=337}} Alexandru Madgearu says, the diploma shows that Litovoi's ''kenezatus'' bordered the Land of Severin to the north, thus the banate must have only included southern Oltenia in the middle of the 13th century.{{sfn|Madgearu|2017|p=207}} The ''kenezatus'' of ''Voivode'' [[Seneslau]], which was located to the east of the Olt, was fully excluded from the grant.{{sfn|Makkai|1994b|p=197}} </small></small>
 +
 
 +
Zakazy początkowo miały siedzibę w twierdzy Potwora (obecnie Drobeta-Turnu Severin w Rumunii) [13] [14] Po zagubieniu grzywy pod koniec XIII wieku fort Michaiła (obecnie Mehadia w Rumunii) był centrum prowincji [14]. Oprócz Mihal, banat obejmował Orsową (obecnie Orșova w Rumunii) i rumuńskie okręgi wzdłuż górnego biegu rzeki Timis (Timiș). [13] [14]
 +
 
 +
<small><small>The bans initially had their seat at the fortress of Szörény (now [[Drobeta-Turnu Severin]] in Romania).{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=95}}{{sfn|Makkai|1994a|p=657}} After Szörény was lost in the late 13th century, the fort of Miháld (now [[Mehadia]] in Romania) was the center of the province.{{sfn|Makkai|1994a|p=657}} In addition to Miháld, the banate included Orsova (now [[Orșova]] in Romania) and the [[Romanian district]]s along the upper course of the [[Timiș River|Temes (Timiș) river]].{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=95}}{{sfn|Makkai|1994a|p=657}} </small></small>
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==

Wersja z 12:12, 2 gru 2019

Strona Autorzy Nota
[1] [2] Ten artykuł został przetłumaczony z Wikipedii w języku angielskim. Treści pochodzące z Wikipedii w języku angielskim są oparte na licencji Creative Commons 3.0 – Uznanie Autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach. Kopiując je lub tłumacząc, należy podać ich autorów i udostępnić na tych samych warunkach.
Banate of Severin
Szörényi bánság
Banatul Severinului
Северинска бановина
banate of Kingdom of Hungary
13th century–16th century x30px →
 
x30px →
Location of Banate of Severin
Banate of Severin, late 13th century
History
 • style="padding-left:0em;text-align:left;"|Established 13th century
 • style="padding-left:0em;text-align:left;"|Disestablished 16th century
Today part of 
Rumunia
{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Infobox former subdivision with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| width | common_name | _noautocat | conventional_long_name | native_name | native_name_lang | status_text | nation | subdivision | p5 | p1 | flag_p1 | border_p1 | image_p1 | p2 | flag_p2 | border_p2 | image_p2 | p3 | flag_p3 | border_p3 | image_p3 | p4 | flag_p4 | border_p4 | demonym | image_p4 | flag_p5 | border_p5 | image_p5 | year_end | life_span | year_start | s8 | s1 | flag_s1 | border_s1 | image_s1 | s2 | flag_s2 | border_s2 | image_s2 | s3 | flag_s3 | border_s3 | image_s3 | s4 | flag_s4 | border_s4 | image_s4 | s5 | flag_s5 | border_s5 | image_s5 | s6 | flag_s6 | border_s6 | image_s6 | s7 | flag_s7 | border_s7 | image_s7 | flag_s8 | border_s8 | image_s8 | image_flag | image_coat | flag_caption | flag | flag_type | symbol | symbol_type | image_border | national_motto | national_anthem | image_map | image_map_size | image_map_caption | image_map2 | image_map2_size | image_map2_caption | capital | coordinates | government_type | title_leader | title_deputy | leader1 | year_leader1 | leader2 | deputy1 | leader3 | year_leader2 | leader4 | year_leader3 | leader5 | year_leader4 | leader6 | year_leader5 | year_leader6 | year_deputy1 | deputy2 | deputy3 | year_deputy2 | deputy4 | year_deputy3 | deputy5 | year_deputy4 | deputy6 | year_deputy5 | year_deputy6 | legislature | house1 | house2 | type_house1 | type_house2 | era | event_pre | year_pre | date_pre | event_start | date_start | event1 | year_event1 | date_event1 | event2 | year_event2 | date_event2 | event3 | year_event3 | date_event3 | event4 | year_event4 | date_event4 | event5 | year_event5 | date_event5 | event_post | event_end | date_end | year_post | date_post | stat_year1 | stat_area1 | stat_area2 | stat_area3 | stat_area4 | stat_area5 | ref_area1 | stat_year2 | stat_year3 | stat_year4 | stat_year5 | stat_pop1 | stat_pop2 | stat_pop3 | stat_pop4 | stat_pop5 | ref_pop1 | political_subdiv | pn1 | sn1 | p6 | p7 | p8 | p9 | p10 | p11 | p12 | s9 | s10 | s11 | s12 | today | footnotes | category | area1 | population_estimate1 | preceding_entity1 | succeeding_entity1 }}
Plik:Banate of severin.png
Map of the Banate of Severin

The Banate of Severin or Banate of Szörény (; ; ; Szablon:Lang-bg, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}; Szablon:Lang-sr, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) was a Hungarian political, military and administrative unit with a special role in initially anti-Bulgarian, latterly anti-Ottoman defensive system of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. It was founded by Prince Béla in 1228.

Lista banów

Trzynasty wiek

Data Osoba Monarcha Uwagi
ok.1226–ok.1232 Hahót II. Buzád II. András He styled himself "former ban" in 1233. His close relationship with II. András's son, IV. Béla, Duke of Transylvania, suggests that he was the ban of Severin (instead of being the ban of Slavonia).
ok.1233 Péc I. Lukács II. András Péc
1235 Csák Pós → Szák Pósa IV. Béla Także Master of the treasury
ok.1240 Osl Osl IV. Béla
ok.1243 Csák I. István ?? IV. Béla Csák
ok.1260 Lőrinc, syn Kemény'a IV. Béla Pierszy raz.
ok.1262 István IV. Béla He is only mentioned in a non-authentic charter.
ok.1263 Lőrinc V. István (młody król) Także skarbnik V. Istvána
ok.1268 Sándor, syn Druga V. István (młody król)
ok.1268 Csák III. Ugrin V. István (młody król) Pierwszy raz.
ok.1270 Lőrinc, syn Kemény'a V. István Drugi raz.
ok.1270 Miskolc Panyit V. István
1271–1272 Lőrinc, syn Kemény'a V. István Trzeci raz.
1272 Ákos Albert V. István
1272–1274 Gutkeled Pál IV. László Pierwszy raz.
1274–1275 Csák III. Ugrin IV. László Drugi raz.
1275 Gutkeled Pál IV. László Drugi raz.
1275–1276 Kökényes-Radnót II. Mikod IV. László
1276 Csák III. Ugrin IV. László Trzeci raz.
1277–1278 Gutkeled Pál (?) IV. László Jest wymieniony tylko w nieautentycznych kartach. Trzeci raz.
1279 Lőrinc, syn Kemény'a IV. László Pierwszy raz.
1291 Lőrinc, syn Kemény'a III. András Drugi raz, but he may have continuously held the office from 1279 to 1291
1299-1307 Tárnok András

Czternasty wiek

Data Osoba Monarch Notes
1308-1313 Tárnok András
Tárnok Márton
1314-1318 Csornai Domokos
1319-1323 Rátolti László
1323-1329 Szécsi I. Dénes
1324 Pál ???
1335–1341 Szécsi I. Dénes Charles I Także master of the stewards.
1342–1349 Losonci I. István Charles I, I. Lajos Wcześniej przywódca Seklerów
1350–1355 Szécsi I. Miklós I. Lajos
1355–1359 Lackfi II. Dénes I. Lajos Także Master of the horse.
1359–1379 Wakat.
1375–1376 Treutel János I. Lajos
1376–1387 Wakat.
1387 Losonci László Jr. ??
1387-1388 Losonci IV. István
1388-1390 Kaplai-Serkei János
1390-1391 Perényi II. Miklós
1392 Gerebenci Szemere
1392-1393 Bebek Detre
1393 Szécsi Frank
1393-1397 wakat
1397 Lukács of Oszkola
1393-1408 wakat

XV wiek

Data Osoba Monarch Notes


1408-1409 Ozorai Pipó
wakat
1410 Lőrinc, syn Majosa
1410-1428 Wakat
1428 Marcali Imre
wakat
1430-1435 Redwitz Miklós
1435 Hagymás László z Beregszó
Dancs János z Macedonii 		57. 1435 Ladislau Jakubek
1436-1439 Tallóczi Frank
1439-1445 Hunyadi János
1445-1446 Blasio ??
1445-1446 Újlaki Miklós
1447-1454 Csornai Mihály
1449 Csornai Balázs
1452-1454 Dancs Péter z Sebes
1455-57 wakat
1458 Bethlen Vlad
Bethlen Gergely
1459-1460 wakat
1460 Dóczi László
1462-1463 Újlaki Miklós
1464-1466 wakat
1466 Pongrácz János of Dengeleg
1467 wakat
1467 Muthnoki István
Muthnoki Mihály
1468-1471 wakat
1471-1478 Hédervári Imre
1478 Erdő János
Bethlen Domokos
1478 wakat
1479 Török Ambrus
Szenthelsebethi György
1479 Pathócsy Bertalan
1480-1483 Pathócsy Bertalan
Haraszti Ferenc
1483-1489 Haraszti Ferenc i Szokoly András
1490 Ozorai Imre
1491 Ozorai Imre
Dánfy András of Doboz
1491-1492 Haraszti Ferenc
Dánfy András of Doboz
1492 Csulai Móré Fülöp
1492-1494 Csulai Móré Fülöp
Balassa Ferenc

XVI wiek

Data Osoba Monarch Notes
1495-1501 Macskási Tárnok Péter
Gerlisthey Jakab
1501 Gerlisthey Jakab
Bélai Barnabás
1502 Gerlisthey Jakab
Macskási Tárnok Péter
1503 Bélai Barnabás
1503 Gerlisthey Jakab
1504-1508 Gerlisthey Jakab
Bélai Barnabás
1508-1513 Paksi Mihály
Bélai Barnabás
1514 Bélai Barnabás
János Szapolyai
1515-1516 Hagymási Miklós of Berekszó
1517-1518 wakat
1519 Bélai Barnabás
1520-1521 Gerlisthey Miklós
1522-1523 Kállay János Vitéz
1524-1526 Kállay János Vitéz
Szapolyai János

Koniec

  1. 1526-1540 Under the rule of Lugos and Karánsebes Bans
  2. 1526-1860 Under Ottoman occupation

Terytorium

Banat Severin był marszem (lub prowincją graniczną) średniowiecznego Królestwa Węgier między Dolnym Dunajem a rzeką Olt (dzisiejsza Oltenia w Rumunii). [1] [2] [3] Karta dotacji wydana 2 czerwca 1247 r. Dla Rycerzy Szpitalników, wymienionych na Olt jako wschodniej granicy. [1] Rycerze otrzymali „Ziemię Severina” (Terra de Zeurino) [4] wraz z pobliskimi górami od Béli IV na Węgrzech. [1] [5] Król opisał ten sam region jako ziemię „opuszczoną i wyludnioną” w liście do papieża Grzegorza IX z 7 czerwca 1238 r. [6] Współcześni uczeni zakładają, że albo podbój terytorium Węgier, albo konfrontacje między Bułgarią a Węgrami zmusiły miejscową ludność do ucieczki [6]. Historyk László Makkai mówi, że populacja wyraźnie zaczęła rosnąć pod koniec lat 30. XX wieku, ponieważ Béla poprosiła papieża o mianowanie biskupa Severinem [7]. 

The Banate of Severin was a march (or a border province) of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary between the Lower Danube and the Olt River (in present-day Oltenia in Romania).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} A charter of grant, issued on 2 June 1247 for the Knights Hospitallers, mentioned the Olt as its eastern border.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The Knights received the "Land of Severin" (Terra de Zeurino),{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} along with the nearby mountains, from Béla IV of Hungary.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The king had described the same region as a "deserted and depopulated" land in a letter to Pope Gregory IX on 7 June 1238.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Modern scholars assume that either the Hungarian conquest of the territory or confrontations between Bulgaria and Hungary had forced the local population to flee.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Historian László Makkai says, the population obviously began to increase by the end of the 1230s, because Béla requested the pope to appoint a bishop to Severin.[1]

Grant czarterowy z 1247 r. Również wspomniał, że Kumania graniczyła z ziemią Severin od wschodu [8]. W tym samym dyplomie wymieniono dwie jednostki polityczne Vlach (lub rumuńskie) - Kenezatusa Johna i Farcașa - które zostały przy tej okazji poddane Szpitalnikom. [9] [1] [2] Trzeci kenezat, rządzony przez wojewodę litowojskim, nie został uwzględniony w grancie, ale pozostawiono go Wołaczom „tak, jak go trzymali”. [8] [2] [10] Jednak Béla przekazała szpitalnikom połowę królewskich dochodów zgromadzonych na ziemi Litovoi, z wyjątkiem dochodów z „Krainy Hegla” (obecnie Țara Hațegului w Rumunii) [11] [12] Alexandru Madgearu mówi, że dyplom pokazuje, że kenezat Litovoi graniczy z Ziemią Severin na północy, a zatem banat musiał obejmować tylko południową Oltenię w połowie XIII wieku. [3] Kenezatus wojewody Seneslau, znajdujący się na wschód od Olt, został całkowicie wyłączony z dotacji [9]. 

The 1247 charter of grant also mentioned that "Cumania" bordered the Land of Severin from the east.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The same diploma listed two Vlach (or Romanian) political units—the kenezatus of John and Farcaș—which were subjected to the Hospitallers on this occasion.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} A third kenezatus, which was ruled by Voivode Litovoi, was not included in the grant, but it was left to the Vlachs "as they had held it".{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} However, Béla gave the Hospitallers the half of the royal revenues collected in Litovoi's land, with the exception of the revenues from the "Land of Hátszeg" (now Țara Hațegului in Romania).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Alexandru Madgearu says, the diploma shows that Litovoi's kenezatus bordered the Land of Severin to the north, thus the banate must have only included southern Oltenia in the middle of the 13th century.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The kenezatus of Voivode Seneslau, which was located to the east of the Olt, was fully excluded from the grant.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

Zakazy początkowo miały siedzibę w twierdzy Potwora (obecnie Drobeta-Turnu Severin w Rumunii) [13] [14] Po zagubieniu grzywy pod koniec XIII wieku fort Michaiła (obecnie Mehadia w Rumunii) był centrum prowincji [14]. Oprócz Mihal, banat obejmował Orsową (obecnie Orșova w Rumunii) i rumuńskie okręgi wzdłuż górnego biegu rzeki Timis (Timiș). [13] [14] 

The bans initially had their seat at the fortress of Szörény (now Drobeta-Turnu Severin in Romania).{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} After Szörény was lost in the late 13th century, the fort of Miháld (now Mehadia in Romania) was the center of the province.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} In addition to Miháld, the banate included Orsova (now Orșova in Romania) and the Romanian districts along the upper course of the Temes (Timiș) river.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

History

Kaloyan of Bulgaria occupied the region between the rivers Cerna and the Olt around 1199.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The Kingdom of Hungary was also expanding over the Carpathian Mountains in the early 13th century, which gave rise to conflicts between the two countries.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The Cuman tribes dwelling to the east of the Olt as far as the river Siret agreed to pay a yearly tribute to the kings of Hungary in early 1227.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} The Hungarians captured the Bulgarian fortress of Severin during a military campaign against Bulgaria in 1231.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}

After the 1526 Battle of Mohács, the Banate of Severin was divided. South-eastern part (eastwards from Varcsaró - Vârciorova, today part of Bolvașnița) came under the jurisdiction of Wallachian princes and in the north-western part (westwards from Orsova - present-day Orșova - inclusive) was gradually reorganized into the Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes.

Przypisy

  1. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=citation }}

Sources

  • Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89452-4. 
  • Engel, Pál (1996) (hu). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I]. História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 963-8312-44-0. 
  • Madgearu, Alexandru (2017). The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1185–1280. BRILL. ISBN 978-9-004-32501-2. 
  • Makkai, László (1994a). "szörényi bánság [Banate of Severin]". u: Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc (hu). Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század) [Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History (9th–14th centuries)]. Akadémiai Kiadó. str. 657. ISBN 963-05-6722-9. 
  • Makkai, László (1994b). "The Emergence of the Estates (1172–1526)". u: Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István i dr... History of Transylvania. Akadémiai Kiadó. str. 178–243. ISBN 963-05-6703-2. 
  • Papacostea, Șerban (1998). Between the Crusade and the Mongol Empire. Center for Transylvanian Studies, Romanian Cultural Foundation. ISBN 973-577-186-1. 
  • Pop, Ioan-Aurel (2013). "De manibus Valachorum scismaticorum...": Romanians and Power in the Mediaeval Kingdom of Hungary, The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Peter Land Edition. ISBN 978-3-631-64866-7. 
  • Vásáry, István (2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83756-1. 
  • Zsoldos, Attila (2011) (hu). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301]. História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3. 


References

External links

Szablon:Coord missing

Źródło: „http://natusiewicz.pl/felczak/index.php?title=Banat_Severin&oldid=13837”