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| − | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Herceg
| + | #PATRZ [[Herceg I. Péter]] |
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| − | {{Infobox nobility
| + | [[Kategoria:Przekierowane]] |
| − | | name = Peter (I) Herceg
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| − | | succession = [[Bács-Bodrog County|Ispán of Bodrog]]
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| − | | reign = 1339–1353
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| − | | coronation =
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| − | | predecessor = [[Nicholas Ostfi]]
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| − | | successor = [[Andrew Lackfi]]
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| − | | regent =
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| − | | spouse = N Babonić
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| − | | issue = Peter II
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| − | | noble family = [[Kőszegi family|House of Kőszegi]]<br>cadet branch: [[Herceg family|House of Herceg]]
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| − | | father = [[Henry II Kőszegi]]
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| − | | mother = N Dárói
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| − | | birth_date = ''c''. 1285
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| − | | death_date = between 1353 and 1358
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| − | '''Peter Herceg de Szekcső''' ({{lang-hu|szekcsői Herceg Péter}}; born '''Peter Kőszegi''', also known as '''Peter the Duke'''; {{lang-hu|Kőszegi "Herceg" Péter}}; died between 1353 and 1358) was a Hungarian lord in the first half of the 14th century. He was born into the powerful and rebellious [[Kőszegi family]], whose members were considered the ardent enemies of [[Charles I of Hungary]]. After years of wars and failed revolts, Peter pledged allegiance to the king in 1339. He became the progenitor of the [[Herceg family|Herceg de Szekcső]] noble family.
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| − | ==Family==
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| − | Peter was born around 1285 as the younger son of the powerful [[Oligarch (Kingdom of Hungary)|oligarch]] [[Henry II Kőszegi]] and his unidentified wife, the daughter of [[Mojs II]], [[Palatine of Hungary]]. He had an elder brother, [[John Kőszegi|John]] and an unnamed sister.<ref name="engel">Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Héder 4. Kőszegi [and Rohonci] branch)</ref>
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| − | He married an unidentified daughter of [[John Babonić]], [[Ban of Slavonia]]. She was still alive in 1366. They had a son, Peter II, who was born after 1351, when Peter was already in advanced age.<ref>Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Héder 6. Herceg [de Szekcső] branch)</ref> Throughout his life, Peter was referred with the nickname "the Duke" ({{lang-la|Petrum Ducem}}). After 1339, it became his family name ({{lang-hu|"Herceg"}}). His kinship flourished until the 17th century.{{sfn|Skorka|2017|p=109}}
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| − | ==Career==
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| − | Following the death of their father in 1310, John and Peter jointly ruled the inherited large-scale domains in [[Slavonia|Upper Slavonia]] and [[Transdanubia|Southern Transdanubia]], owning dozens of castles and landholdings.{{sfn|Zsoldos|2010|p=658}} Initially, they nominally supported the efforts of Charles I, but later turned against the monarch by the mid-1310s. At the course of two brief royal military campaigns in 1315 and 1316, Charles defeated them and crushed their power and province in Southern Transdanubia. The brothers withdrew to Upper Slavonia beyond the river [[Drava]]. There, they were defeated by John Babonić, Peter's future father-in-law in 1317. Following that, John and Peter were able to retain their castles only in the region of [[Zagorje]], where their father had started to expand his territory decades earlier. The brothers also fought in the army of their relative [[Andrew Kőszegi|Andrew]], whose province in Western Transdanubia was ultimately crushed by the royal troops in the first half of 1319.{{sfn|Zsoldos|2010|p=660}} John and Peter surrendered by the spring of 1320, Charles I referred to them as "former rebels, now Our adherents". However, when their cousin [[Iban von Bernstein|John the "Wolf"]] rose up in open rebellion against Charles I in 1327, John and Peter joined to him. The king defeated them within months, the brothers lost another forts, further decreasing their number of castles.
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| − | [[File:KostelG1.JPG|thumb|left|[[Kostel Castle]], today in [[Slovenia]]]]
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| − | John died sometime after 1327. Peter and the three sons of his late brother was among those members of the Kőszegi family, who made an alliance with the [[House of Habsburg]] against Charles I in January 1336, alongside the [[Babonić family]]. When Charles signed a truce with his enemies on 13 December after a brief war, he called the members of the two families as the "traitors of the [[Holy Crown of Hungary|Holy Crown]]". The document put Peter's name in the first place among the traitors, before his nephews, his cousin John the "Wolf" and the Babonići.{{sfn|Skorka|2017|p=109}} According to Charles' narration, Peter invited the Austrian army to Slavonia in order to try to acquire the province for the Dukes of Austria. For the sake of success, he even handed over his two castles, [[Klenovec Humski|Vrbovec]] (Orbolc) and [[Štrigova]] (Sztrigó) to the dukes.{{sfn|Skorka|2017|p=110}}
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| − | The war between Hungary and Austria continued until 1339. Charles obliged the Kőszegis to renounce their last fortresses along the western borders of the kingdom in 1339. While John the "Wolf" pledged allegiance to [[Albert II, Duke of Austria]] in June 1339, gradually integrating into the [[Austrian nobility]], Peter and his nephews chose a different path: they returned to the loyalty of Charles.{{sfn|Skorka|2017|p=111}} In exchange for his last fortresses in Zagorje – including Belec, [[Kostel Castle|Kostel]], [[Krapina]] (Korpona), Vrbovec, and [[Oštrc]] (Oszterc),{{sfn|Engel|1996|pp=276, 347, 353, 381, 385}} Charles donated [[Dunaszekcső|Szekcső]] and [[Batina|Kőszeg]] (Batina) in [[Baranya County (former)|Baranya County]] to Peter, both which he once co-owned with his brother before their rebellion.{{sfn|Engel|1996|pp=349, 424}} This effectively marked the end of the Kőszegis' rule and domination in Western Hungary after seventy years.{{sfn|Zsoldos|2010|p=652}} Thereafter, he adopted the Herceg family name with the suffix "de Szekcső". Simultaneously with the royal grant of landholdings, Peter was made ''[[ispán]]'' of [[Bács-Bodrog County|Bodrog County]] (which position was omitted as accessory to the dignity of [[Banate of Macsó|Ban of Macsó]] since then). In contemporary records, he was styled as ''ispán'' in the period between 1342 and 1347, but it is plausible that he held the office throughout from 1339 to 1353. Peter retained his position during the reign of [[Louis I of Hungary]] too. In March 1351, his late brother's three sons, Nicholas, Peter and Henry (ancestors of the [[Tamási family|Tamásis]]) persuaded by lawsuit the then-childless Peter Herceg to adopt them and make them the heirs of his wealth, if he dies without children. However, his only son, Peter was born soon, which made the contract null and void. Peter Herceg died before 1358.{{sfn|Engel|1996|p=115}}
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| − | == References ==
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| − | {{Reflist|20em}}
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| − | == Sources ==
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| − | {{Refbegin}}
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| − | * {{cite book |last=Engel |first=Pál |year=1996 |title=Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I ''[Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I]'' |publisher=História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete |isbn=963-8312-44-0|ref=harv|language=hu}}
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| − | * {{cite journal |last=Skorka |first=Renáta |year=2017 |title=A "mohó farkas" utóda. Egy Kőszegi Habsburg-szolgálatban [''The Heir of the "Greedy Wolf". A Kőszegi in the Service of the Habsburg Dukes''] |url= |format= |journal=Világtörténet |location= |publisher= |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=93–124 |issn=0083-6265 |language=hu |ref=harv}}
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| − | * {{cite journal |last=Zsoldos |first=Attila |year=2010 |title=A Henrik-fiak: A Héder nembéli Kőszegiek "családi története" [''The Henry Sons: The "Family History" of the Kőszegis from the Kindred Héder''] |url= |format= |journal=Vasi Szemle |location= |publisher= |volume=64 |issue=6 |pages=651–661 |issn=0505-0332 |language=hu |ref=harv}}
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| − | {{Refend}}
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| − | {{s-start}}
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| − | {{S-hou|House of Herceg|name=Peter I ||''c''. 1285 ||1353/58|[[Kőszegi family|House of Kőszegi]]}}
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| − | {{s-off}}
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| − | {{S-bef|before={{nowrap|[[Nicholas Ostfi]]}}}}
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| − | {{S-ttl|title={{nowrap|[[Bács-Bodrog County|Ispán of Bodrog]]}}|years=1339–1353}}
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| − | {{S-aft||after={{nowrap|[[Andrew Lackfi]]}}}}
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| − | {{s-end}}
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| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Herceg, Peter}}
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| − | [[Category:1350s deaths]]
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| − | [[Category:Herceg family|Peter]]
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| − | [[Category:13th-century Hungarian people]]
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| − | [[Category:14th-century Hungarian people]]
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| − | [[Kategoria:Nieprzetłumaczone]] | |
