Rátót I. Dezső: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami
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| − | Desiderius had three sons; Benedict married Margaret Telegdi, and was the first member of the Kaplai (also Serkei) family, which later had divided into two another branches (Lorántfi and Dezsőfi) and flourished until the early 16th century.<ref name="serkei">Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Rátót 8. Serkei [Kaplai, Lorántfi] branch)</ref> Desiderius' second son Ladislaus was the ancestor of the Feledi family, which remained a marginal kinship in Gömör County.<ref>Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Rátót 8. Feledi branch)</ref> The third son was Nicholas II, who had a son Ladislaus (born 1361, and died without heirs) and a daughter Elizabeth.<ref name="serkei"/> | + | <small><small>'''Desiderius (I) from the kindred Rátót''' ({{lang-hu|Rátót nembeli (I.) Dezső}}; died after 1308) was a Hungarian nobleman and soldier, who served as ''[[ispán]]'' of [[Borsod County|Borsod]] and Gömör counties at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was the ancestor of the [[Kaplai family|Kaplai]] (or Serkei) and Feledi noble families. </small></small> |
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| + | == Rodzina == | ||
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| + | <small><small>In contemporary records, he was also called '''Desiderius the Blind''' ({{lang-hu|Vak Dezső}}). He was born into the influential and prestigious [[Rátót (genus)|''gens'' (clan) Rátót]], as the son of ''magister'' Leustach II. His grandfather was [[Dominic I Rátót|Dominic I]], who was killed in the [[Battle of Mohi]] in 1241. Desiderius had a brother [[Roland II Rátót|Roland II]],<ref>Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Rátót 1. main branch)</ref> ancestor of the [[Jolsvai family]] and a notable baron of the so-called feudal anarchy, who served as [[Palatine of Hungary]]. Desiderius married an unidentified daughter of [[Stephen Ákos]], a powerful oligarch in Northern Hungary, whose another daughter was the wife of [[Beke Borsa]]. These marriages established a strong relationship and alliance between the three kindreds.{{sfn|Kis|1998|p=64}} </small></small> | ||
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| + | <small><small> Desiderius had three sons; Benedict married Margaret Telegdi, and was the first member of the Kaplai (also Serkei) family, which later had divided into two another branches (Lorántfi and Dezsőfi) and flourished until the early 16th century.<ref name="serkei">Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Rátót 8. Serkei [Kaplai, Lorántfi] branch)</ref> Desiderius' second son Ladislaus was the ancestor of the Feledi family, which remained a marginal kinship in Gömör County.<ref>Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Rátót 8. Feledi branch)</ref> The third son was Nicholas II, who had a son Ladislaus (born 1361, and died without heirs) and a daughter Elizabeth.<ref name="serkei"/> </small></small> | ||
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| + | == zycie i kariera == | ||
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| + | <small><small>Desiderius first appeared in contemporary records in 1275.<ref name="serkei"/> During the political crisis of 1280, King [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary|Ladislaus IV]] adopted new Cuman laws under the pressure of the Catholic Church. However, many [[Cumans]] decided to leave [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] instead of obeying the papal legate [[Philip of Fermo|Philip]]'s demands. On their way to the frontier, they ravaged and looted many settlements and estates. Desiderius, his brother Roland and two of his cousins, Rathold II and [[Nicholas Rátót|Nicholas "Vecse"]] successfully defended the [[Igriș Abbey|Cistercian monastery]] at [[Sânpetru Mare|Egres]] (present-day Igriș in [[Romania]]). Thereafter Desiderius and several other members of the Rátót clan participated in the royal military campaigns against the Cumans. Desiderius was present at the siege of Gede Castle (present-day [[Hodejov]], [[Slovakia]]), where the rebellious [[Finta Aba]] barricaded himself in mid-1281. He also fought against the Cumans in the battle at Lake Hód (near present-day [[Hódmezővásárhely]]) in 1282. It is plausible he had a strong relationship with his future father-in-law Stephen Ákos, who also participated in these clashes.{{sfn|Kis|1998|p=72}} </small></small> | ||
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| + | <small><small>By the 1290s, when royal power was severely weakened, Stephen Ákos established a province, which laid mostly in Borsod and Gömör Counties, and ruled ''de facto'' independently his dominion during the era of feudal anarchy. Desiderius served as ''ispán'' of Gömör County at least since 1290.{{sfn|Zsoldos|2011|p=157}} He held the position at least until 1304.{{sfn|Engel|1996|p=129}} Simultaneously, he was also made ''ispán'' of Borsod County around 1299.{{sfn|Zsoldos|2011|p=144}} He held the office even in 1308.{{sfn|Engel|1996|p=118}} As both counties were ruled by Stephen Ákos, it is plausible that Desiderius belonged to his ''[[familiaris|familia]]'', and managed the administrative affairs of the territories on behalf of his father-in-law. Politically, he was rather tied to the Ákos clan, than his blood relatives, who ruled roughly [[Nógrád County (former)|Nógrád]] and [[Heves County (former)|Heves]] counties under the leadership of Desiderius' cousin [[Dominic II Rátót]].{{sfn|Kristó|1999|p=49}} Desiderius resided in [[Širkovce|Serke]] (present-day Širkovce, Slovakia) in Gömör County. He built a castle there sometimes in the 1290s or 1300s.{{sfn|Engel|1996|p=409}} He was granted the village of Héty from Stephen Ákos and his sons in 1304; the settlement originally laid in Borsod County, but after a donation, it has been moved administratively to Gömör County. Desiderius became the owner of [[Studená, Slovakia|Hidegkút]] (today Studená, Slovakia) under the contract.{{sfn|Kis|1998|p=74}} </small></small> | ||
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| + | <small><small>After the extinction of the [[Árpád dynasty]] in 1301, he supported the claim of [[Wenceslaus III of Bohemia|Wenceslaus of Bohemia]] during the civil war, alongside his relatives.{{sfn|Kristó|1999|p=46}} Desiderius attended the wedding of his brother-in-law Stephen Ákos, Jr. and a foreign (Bavarian or Bohemian) princess in February 1303 in [[Diósgyőr]].{{sfn|Kis|1998|p=73}} Following the political orientation of his father-in-law and lord Stephen Ákos, Desiderius took an oath of allegiance to the other pretender [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles of Anjou]] sometimes between 1304 and 1307.{{sfn|Kristó|1999|p=49}} Desiderius was present at the Diet of Rákos on 10 October 1307, which confirmed Charles' claim to the throne.{{sfn|Kis|1998|p=65}} Desiderius Rátót was last mentioned as a living person by a document issued on 11 July 1308.{{sfn|Engel|1996|p=118}} </small></small> | ||
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| + | == Przypisy == | ||
| + | {{izvori}} | ||
| − | == | + | == Źródła == |
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| − | + | * Engel, Pál (1996). ''Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I'' '''[''Świecka Archontologia Węgier / Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I'']''' (po węgiersku). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 963-8312-44-0. | |
| − | + | * Kis, Péter (1998). "Ákos nembeli István". In Tusor, Péter (ed.). ''R. Várkonyi Ágnes emlékkönyv születésének 70. évfordulója ünnepére'' [Księga pamięci Ágnesa R. Várkonyiego na pamiątkę 70. rocznicy jej urodzin] (po węgiersku). Eötvös Loránd University. str. 57–78. ISBN 963-4631-41-X. | |
| − | + | * Kristó, Gyula (1999). "I. Károly király főúri elitje (1301–1309) [Arystokratyczne elity króla Karola I, 1301–1309]". ''Századok''. Magyar Történelmi Társulat. '''133''' (1): 41–62. | |
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| − | + | * Zsoldos, Attila (2011). ''Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301'' '''[''Świecka Archontologia Węgier / Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301]''' (po węgiersku). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3. | |
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{{s-start}} | {{s-start}} | ||
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{{succession box|title={{nowrap|[[Borsod County|Ispán of Borsod]]}}|before=[[James Borsa]] (?)|years=1299–1308|after=[[Blaise Fonyi]] <small>(1325)</small>}} | {{succession box|title={{nowrap|[[Borsod County|Ispán of Borsod]]}}|before=[[James Borsa]] (?)|years=1299–1308|after=[[Blaise Fonyi]] <small>(1325)</small>}} | ||
{{s-end}} | {{s-end}} | ||
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| + | {{Urzędnik infobox | ||
| + | |urzędnik = Rátót I. Dezső | ||
| + | |imiona = | ||
| + | |tytulatura = [[Ispán Borsod]] | ||
| + | |grafika = | ||
| + | |opis grafiki = | ||
| + | |herb = | ||
| + | |opis herbu = | ||
| + | |faksymile = | ||
| + | |opis faksymile = | ||
| + | |dewiza = | ||
| + | |||
| + | |1. tytuł = [[Ispán Borsod]] | ||
| + | |1. od = 1299 | ||
| + | |1. do = 1308 | ||
| + | |1. powołanie = | ||
| + | |1. poprzednik = [[Borsa Jakab]] | ||
| + | |1. następca = [[Blaise Fonyi]] <small>(1325)</small> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |2. tytuł = | ||
| + | |2. od = | ||
| + | |2. do = | ||
| + | |2. powołanie = | ||
| + | |2. poprzednik = | ||
| + | |2. następca = | ||
| + | |||
| + | |klan = | ||
| + | |ród = [[Rátót]] | ||
| + | |rodzina = | ||
| + | |pochodzenie = węgierskie | ||
| + | |państwo = [[Królestwo Węgier]]<br>w unii personalnej<br>z [[Królestwem Chorwacji]] | ||
| + | |data urodzenia = data nieznana | ||
| + | |miejsce urodzenia = | ||
| + | |data śmierci = po 1308 | ||
| + | |miejsce śmierci = | ||
| + | |przyczyna śmierci = | ||
| + | |miejsce spoczynku = | ||
| + | |ojciec = Leustach II | ||
| + | |matka = nieznana | ||
| + | |rodzeństwo = | ||
| + | |||
| + | |1. związek = żona | ||
| + | |1. związek z = Ákos Nn | ||
| + | |1. związek od = | ||
| + | |1. związek do = | ||
| + | |1. dzieci = Benedict Kaplai<br>Ladislaus Feledi<br>Nicholas II | ||
| + | |dokonania = | ||
| + | |odznaczenia = | ||
| + | |commons = | ||
| + | |wikiźródła = | ||
| + | |wikicytaty = | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |} | ||
{{SORTUJ:Ratot, Dezso}} | {{SORTUJ:Ratot, Dezso}} | ||
Wersja z 16:44, 6 sty 2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius_R%C3%A1t%C3%B3t
Desiderius (I) from the kindred Rátót (; died after 1308) was a Hungarian nobleman and soldier, who served as ispán of Borsod and Gömör counties at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was the ancestor of the Kaplai (or Serkei) and Feledi noble families.
Spis treści
Rodzina
In contemporary records, he was also called Desiderius the Blind (). He was born into the influential and prestigious gens (clan) Rátót, as the son of magister Leustach II. His grandfather was Dominic I, who was killed in the Battle of Mohi in 1241. Desiderius had a brother Roland II,[1] ancestor of the Jolsvai family and a notable baron of the so-called feudal anarchy, who served as Palatine of Hungary. Desiderius married an unidentified daughter of Stephen Ákos, a powerful oligarch in Northern Hungary, whose another daughter was the wife of Beke Borsa. These marriages established a strong relationship and alliance between the three kindreds.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
Desiderius had three sons; Benedict married Margaret Telegdi, and was the first member of the Kaplai (also Serkei) family, which later had divided into two another branches (Lorántfi and Dezsőfi) and flourished until the early 16th century.[2] Desiderius' second son Ladislaus was the ancestor of the Feledi family, which remained a marginal kinship in Gömör County.[3] The third son was Nicholas II, who had a son Ladislaus (born 1361, and died without heirs) and a daughter Elizabeth.[2]
zycie i kariera
Desiderius first appeared in contemporary records in 1275.[2] During the political crisis of 1280, King Ladislaus IV adopted new Cuman laws under the pressure of the Catholic Church. However, many Cumans decided to leave Hungary instead of obeying the papal legate Philip's demands. On their way to the frontier, they ravaged and looted many settlements and estates. Desiderius, his brother Roland and two of his cousins, Rathold II and Nicholas "Vecse" successfully defended the Cistercian monastery at Egres (present-day Igriș in Romania). Thereafter Desiderius and several other members of the Rátót clan participated in the royal military campaigns against the Cumans. Desiderius was present at the siege of Gede Castle (present-day Hodejov, Slovakia), where the rebellious Finta Aba barricaded himself in mid-1281. He also fought against the Cumans in the battle at Lake Hód (near present-day Hódmezővásárhely) in 1282. It is plausible he had a strong relationship with his future father-in-law Stephen Ákos, who also participated in these clashes.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
By the 1290s, when royal power was severely weakened, Stephen Ákos established a province, which laid mostly in Borsod and Gömör Counties, and ruled de facto independently his dominion during the era of feudal anarchy. Desiderius served as ispán of Gömör County at least since 1290.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He held the position at least until 1304.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Simultaneously, he was also made ispán of Borsod County around 1299.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He held the office even in 1308.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} As both counties were ruled by Stephen Ákos, it is plausible that Desiderius belonged to his familia, and managed the administrative affairs of the territories on behalf of his father-in-law. Politically, he was rather tied to the Ákos clan, than his blood relatives, who ruled roughly Nógrád and Heves counties under the leadership of Desiderius' cousin Dominic II Rátót.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Desiderius resided in Serke (present-day Širkovce, Slovakia) in Gömör County. He built a castle there sometimes in the 1290s or 1300s.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} He was granted the village of Héty from Stephen Ákos and his sons in 1304; the settlement originally laid in Borsod County, but after a donation, it has been moved administratively to Gömör County. Desiderius became the owner of Hidegkút (today Studená, Slovakia) under the contract.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
After the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301, he supported the claim of Wenceslaus of Bohemia during the civil war, alongside his relatives.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Desiderius attended the wedding of his brother-in-law Stephen Ákos, Jr. and a foreign (Bavarian or Bohemian) princess in February 1303 in Diósgyőr.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Following the political orientation of his father-in-law and lord Stephen Ákos, Desiderius took an oath of allegiance to the other pretender Charles of Anjou sometimes between 1304 and 1307.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Desiderius was present at the Diet of Rákos on 10 October 1307, which confirmed Charles' claim to the throne.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}} Desiderius Rátót was last mentioned as a living person by a document issued on 11 July 1308.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}
Przypisy
Źródła
- Engel, Pál (1996). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I [Świecka Archontologia Węgier / Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I] (po węgiersku). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 963-8312-44-0.
- Kis, Péter (1998). "Ákos nembeli István". In Tusor, Péter (ed.). R. Várkonyi Ágnes emlékkönyv születésének 70. évfordulója ünnepére [Księga pamięci Ágnesa R. Várkonyiego na pamiątkę 70. rocznicy jej urodzin] (po węgiersku). Eötvös Loránd University. str. 57–78. ISBN 963-4631-41-X.
- Kristó, Gyula (1999). "I. Károly király főúri elitje (1301–1309) [Arystokratyczne elity króla Karola I, 1301–1309]". Századok. Magyar Történelmi Társulat. 133 (1): 41–62.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Świecka Archontologia Węgier / Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (po węgiersku). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.
Desiderius I Born: ? Died: after 1308
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| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by {{safesubst:#invoke:MultiReplace|main|Stephen Ákos (?)|%[%[ *([%?-]) *%]%]|%1|%[%[ *[%?-] *| *(.-) *%]%]|%1}} |
Ispán of Gömör 1290–1304 |
Succeeded by {{safesubst:#invoke:MultiReplace|main|Philip Drugeth (1320)|%[%[ *([%?-]) *%]%]|%1|%[%[ *[%?-] *| *(.-) *%]%]|%1}} |
| Preceded by {{safesubst:#invoke:MultiReplace|main|James Borsa (?)|%[%[ *([%?-]) *%]%]|%1|%[%[ *[%?-] *| *(.-) *%]%]|%1}} |
Ispán of Borsod 1299–1308 |
Succeeded by {{safesubst:#invoke:MultiReplace|main|Blaise Fonyi (1325)|%[%[ *([%?-]) *%]%]|%1|%[%[ *[%?-] *| *(.-) *%]%]|%1}} |
|
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| Ispán Borsod | ||||
| Okres | od 1299 do 1308 | |||
| Poprzednik | Borsa Jakab | |||
| Następca | Blaise Fonyi (1325) | |||
| Dane biograficzne | ||||
| Ród | Rátót | |||
| Pochodzenie | węgierskie | |||
| Państwo | Królestwo Węgier w unii personalnej z Królestwem Chorwacji | |||
| Urodziny | data nieznana | |||
| Śmierć | po 1308 | |||
| Ojciec | Leustach II | |||
| Matka | nieznana | |||
| Żona | Ákos Nn | |||
| Dzieci | Benedict Kaplai Ladislaus Feledi Nicholas II | |||
|}