Kán I. Gyula: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami

Z Felczak story
Przejdź do nawigacji Przejdź do wyszukiwania
Linia 1: Linia 1:
 
Za: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_I_K%C3%A1n]
 
Za: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_I_K%C3%A1n]
 +
 +
[[Kategoria:50procent]]
 +
[[Kategoria:Przetłumaczone z angielskiego]]
 +
[[Kategoria:Nieprzetłumaczone z angielskiego]]
 +
 +
{{Uwaga|
 +
|strona  = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rado_(palatine)
 +
|autorzy = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rado_(palatine)&action=history
 +
|nota    = angielski
 +
}}
 +
 +
{|
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
{|
 +
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
|
  
 
{{Redoslijed|
 
{{Redoslijed|
Linia 65: Linia 83:
  
  
−
{| align=right style="margin: 0 0 0 0; text-align: center; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; font-size: 85%; width: 250px;" class=box
+
{|  
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
'''Julius (I) from the kindred Kán''' ({{lang-hu|Kán nembeli (I.) Gyula}}; died 1237) was a powerful Hungarian baron and landowner, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings [[Emeric, King of Hungary|Emeric]], [[Ladislaus III of Hungary|Ladislaus III]] and [[Andrew II of Hungary|Andrew II]]. He was the ancestor of the [[Kán|''gens'' Kán]] which originated from [[Baranya County (former)|Baranya County]].<ref name='Markó_235'>Markó 2006, p. 235.</ref>
 +
 +
==Career==
 +
Julius I married to the unknown surname Helena (died before 1250). They had two sons, by name [[Ladislaus I Kán|Ladislaus I]], who served as [[Palatine of Hungary|palatine]] (1242–1244/5), and [[Julius II Kán|Julius II]], [[master of the cupbearers]] (1222–1228).<ref name='Markó_235'/>
 +
 +
His name was first mentioned by records as [[voivode of Transylvania]] in 1201.<ref name='Zsoldos_37'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 37.</ref><ref name='Engel_381'>Engel 2001, p. 381.</ref> Besides voivodeship he also functioned as [[ispán]] (''comes'') of [[Fehér County (former)|Fehér County]].<ref name='Zsoldos_151'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 151.</ref> He held the office of [[judge royal]] between 1202 and 1204, besides that he was the ispán of [[Csanád County|Csanád]] (1202–1203) and [[Nyitra County|Nyitra Counties]] (1204).<ref name='Markó_235'/><ref name='Zsoldos_28'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 28.</ref>
 +
 +
After the death of Ladislaus III, he became an ardent admirer of Andrew II. He served as ispán of [[Sopron County]] in 1205.<ref name='Zsoldos_196'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 196.</ref> After that he was appointed ispán of [[Bodrog County]] in 1206, a position which he held until 1212.<ref name='Markó_235'/><ref name='Zsoldos_141'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 141.</ref> Between 1212 and 1213, he again became judge royal, besides that he received the manor of [[Bács County]] as ispán.<ref name='Zsoldos_28'/> In 1213, he was appointed [[ban of Slavonia]] and ispán of [[Vas County (former)|Vas County]].<ref name='Zsoldos_43'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 43.</ref> One year later, he became voivode of Transylvania for the second term, besides that he functioned as ispán of [[Szolnok County]].<ref name='Zsoldos_37'/><ref name='Engel_381'/>
 +
 +
Julius I Kán was appointed palatine of Hungary, the second-highest secular office after the king in 1215 and held the position until 1217. According to a non-authentic charter he also functioned as palatine in 1218. He also served as ispán of Sopron County in 1215.<ref name='Zsoldos_18'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 18.</ref> During Andrew II's [[Fifth Crusade]] (1217–1218), Julius could not prevent the emergence of anarchical conditions, as a result he lost his political influence for a short time.<ref name='Markó_235'/>
 +
 +
He regained his former influence, as he was appointed ban of Slavonia and ispán of [[Somogy County (former)|Somogy County]] in 1219.<ref name='Zsoldos_43'/> He served as ispán of Szolnok and Bodrog Counties from 1220 to 1221.<ref name='Zsoldos_210'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 210.</ref> In 1221, he became a member of the queen's court, as the [[master of the treasury]] and judge royal for Queen [[Yolanda de Courtenay]].<ref name='Markó_235'/> One year later he was appointed palatine for the second time (1222–1226) and ispán of Bodrog County (1222–1224). He served as ispán of Sopron County between 1224 and 1226.<ref name='Zsoldos_18'/> This latter position was also held by Julius from 1228 to 1230.<ref name='Zsoldos_197'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 197.</ref> For the third time, he functioned as ban of Slavonia between 1229 and 1235. Meanwhile, he held the position of judge royal for the queen, secondly, in 1232.<ref name='Zsoldos_44'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 44.</ref>
 +
 +
After the death of Andrew II (1235), he had been disgraced and was imprisoned by the new king, [[Béla IV of Hungary]]. He died in captivity in 1237. Julius I founded the Nekcseszentmárton ([[Martin, Croatia]]) estate of the [[Knights Templar]].<ref name='Markó_235'/>
 +
 +
==Identification==
 +
The above career is consistent and gapless, thus can refer to a single person, nevertheless it is not free from doubts: it may arise, that Julius during the rule of Emeric was a different person from Julius, baron of Andrew II, because of the political-historical conditions (prince Andrew rebelled against his older brother's reign). However this theory is can be eliminated by the possibility that Julius was also a secret supporter of prince Andrew, as many others.<ref name='Zsoldos_306'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 306.</ref>
 +
 +
It is neither reassuring that Julius' career began with too high positions, without the introductory section of smaller offices. Historian Mór Wertner identified all occurring Julius with the person from the kindred Kán during the first decades of the 13th century, unless he had no reason to act differently. In contrast, János Karácsonyi gave an overview about Julius I Kán's career from the year of 1219, when he was already easily distinguishable from [[Julius I Rátót]], judge royal (1219–1221; 1235–1239) and voivode of Transylvania (1229–1231).<ref name='Zsoldos_306'/>
 +
 +
==Źródła==
 +
* Engel, Pál (2001). ''The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526''. I.B. Tauris Publishers. {{ISBN|1-86064-061-3}}.
 +
* {{hu icon}} Markó, László (2006). ''A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig&nbsp;– Életrajzi Lexikon'' ("The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days&nbsp;– A Biographical Encyclopedia") (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., Budapest; {{ISBN|963-547-085-1}}.
 +
* {{hu icon}} Zsoldos, Attila (2011). ''Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301'' ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. {{ISBN|978-963-9627-38-3}}
 +
 
|
 
|
 
{{Urzędnik infobox
 
{{Urzędnik infobox
Linia 134: Linia 179:
 
}}
 
}}
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
'''Julius (I) from the kindred Kán''' ({{lang-hu|Kán nembeli (I.) Gyula}}; died 1237) was a powerful Hungarian baron and landowner, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings [[Emeric, King of Hungary|Emeric]], [[Ladislaus III of Hungary|Ladislaus III]] and [[Andrew II of Hungary|Andrew II]]. He was the ancestor of the [[Kán|''gens'' Kán]] which originated from [[Baranya County (former)|Baranya County]].<ref name='Markó_235'>Markó 2006, p. 235.</ref>
 
−
 
−
==Career==
 
−
Julius I married to the unknown surname Helena (died before 1250). They had two sons, by name [[Ladislaus I Kán|Ladislaus I]], who served as [[Palatine of Hungary|palatine]] (1242–1244/5), and [[Julius II Kán|Julius II]], [[master of the cupbearers]] (1222–1228).<ref name='Markó_235'/>
 
−
 
−
His name was first mentioned by records as [[voivode of Transylvania]] in 1201.<ref name='Zsoldos_37'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 37.</ref><ref name='Engel_381'>Engel 2001, p. 381.</ref> Besides voivodeship he also functioned as [[ispán]] (''comes'') of [[Fehér County (former)|Fehér County]].<ref name='Zsoldos_151'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 151.</ref> He held the office of [[judge royal]] between 1202 and 1204, besides that he was the ispán of [[Csanád County|Csanád]] (1202–1203) and [[Nyitra County|Nyitra Counties]] (1204).<ref name='Markó_235'/><ref name='Zsoldos_28'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 28.</ref>
 
−
 
−
After the death of Ladislaus III, he became an ardent admirer of Andrew II. He served as ispán of [[Sopron County]] in 1205.<ref name='Zsoldos_196'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 196.</ref> After that he was appointed ispán of [[Bodrog County]] in 1206, a position which he held until 1212.<ref name='Markó_235'/><ref name='Zsoldos_141'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 141.</ref> Between 1212 and 1213, he again became judge royal, besides that he received the manor of [[Bács County]] as ispán.<ref name='Zsoldos_28'/> In 1213, he was appointed [[ban of Slavonia]] and ispán of [[Vas County (former)|Vas County]].<ref name='Zsoldos_43'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 43.</ref> One year later, he became voivode of Transylvania for the second term, besides that he functioned as ispán of [[Szolnok County]].<ref name='Zsoldos_37'/><ref name='Engel_381'/>
 
−
 
−
Julius I Kán was appointed palatine of Hungary, the second-highest secular office after the king in 1215 and held the position until 1217. According to a non-authentic charter he also functioned as palatine in 1218. He also served as ispán of Sopron County in 1215.<ref name='Zsoldos_18'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 18.</ref> During Andrew II's [[Fifth Crusade]] (1217–1218), Julius could not prevent the emergence of anarchical conditions, as a result he lost his political influence for a short time.<ref name='Markó_235'/>
 
−
 
−
He regained his former influence, as he was appointed ban of Slavonia and ispán of [[Somogy County (former)|Somogy County]] in 1219.<ref name='Zsoldos_43'/> He served as ispán of Szolnok and Bodrog Counties from 1220 to 1221.<ref name='Zsoldos_210'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 210.</ref> In 1221, he became a member of the queen's court, as the [[master of the treasury]] and judge royal for Queen [[Yolanda de Courtenay]].<ref name='Markó_235'/> One year later he was appointed palatine for the second time (1222–1226) and ispán of Bodrog County (1222–1224). He served as ispán of Sopron County between 1224 and 1226.<ref name='Zsoldos_18'/> This latter position was also held by Julius from 1228 to 1230.<ref name='Zsoldos_197'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 197.</ref> For the third time, he functioned as ban of Slavonia between 1229 and 1235. Meanwhile, he held the position of judge royal for the queen, secondly, in 1232.<ref name='Zsoldos_44'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 44.</ref>
 
−
 
−
After the death of Andrew II (1235), he had been disgraced and was imprisoned by the new king, [[Béla IV of Hungary]]. He died in captivity in 1237. Julius I founded the Nekcseszentmárton ([[Martin, Croatia]]) estate of the [[Knights Templar]].<ref name='Markó_235'/>
 
−
 
−
==Identification==
 
−
The above career is consistent and gapless, thus can refer to a single person, nevertheless it is not free from doubts: it may arise, that Julius during the rule of Emeric was a different person from Julius, baron of Andrew II, because of the political-historical conditions (prince Andrew rebelled against his older brother's reign). However this theory is can be eliminated by the possibility that Julius was also a secret supporter of prince Andrew, as many others.<ref name='Zsoldos_306'>Zsoldos 2011, p. 306.</ref>
 
−
 
−
It is neither reassuring that Julius' career began with too high positions, without the introductory section of smaller offices. Historian Mór Wertner identified all occurring Julius with the person from the kindred Kán during the first decades of the 13th century, unless he had no reason to act differently. In contrast, János Karácsonyi gave an overview about Julius I Kán's career from the year of 1219, when he was already easily distinguishable from [[Julius I Rátót]], judge royal (1219–1221; 1235–1239) and voivode of Transylvania (1229–1231).<ref name='Zsoldos_306'/>
 
−
 
−
==Sources==
 
−
* Engel, Pál (2001). ''The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526''. I.B. Tauris Publishers. {{ISBN|1-86064-061-3}}.
 
−
* {{hu icon}} Markó, László (2006). ''A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig&nbsp;– Életrajzi Lexikon'' ("The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days&nbsp;– A Biographical Encyclopedia") (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., Budapest; {{ISBN|963-547-085-1}}.
 
−
* {{hu icon}} Zsoldos, Attila (2011). ''Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301'' ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. {{ISBN|978-963-9627-38-3}}
 
  
 
==Przypisy==
 
==Przypisy==
−
{{reflist|2}}
 
−
 
  
 
{{SORTUJ:Kan, Julius 01}}
 
{{SORTUJ:Kan, Julius 01}}
Linia 169: Linia 187:
 
[[Kategoria:Banowie Slawonii]]
 
[[Kategoria:Banowie Slawonii]]
 
[[Kategoria:Nieznana data urodzenia]]
 
[[Kategoria:Nieznana data urodzenia]]
 +
[[Kategoria:Palatyni Królestwa Węgier]]
 
[[Kategoria:Rody]]
 
[[Kategoria:Rody]]
 
[[Kategoria:Ród Kán]]
 
[[Kategoria:Ród Kán]]
 
[[Kategoria:Sędziowie królewscy]]
 
[[Kategoria:Sędziowie królewscy]]
−
[[Kategoria:Palatyni Królestwa Węgier]]
+
[[Kategoria:Urodzeni w XII wieku]]
 +
[[Kategoria:Urzędnicy Królestwa Węgier]]
 
[[Kategoria:Węgierscy dygnitarze historyczni]]
 
[[Kategoria:Węgierscy dygnitarze historyczni]]
 +
[[Kategoria:Węgierscy szlachcice]]
 
[[Kategoria:Węgierscy urzędnicy królewscy]]
 
[[Kategoria:Węgierscy urzędnicy królewscy]]
 
[[Kategoria:Wojewodowie Siedmiogrodu]]
 
[[Kategoria:Wojewodowie Siedmiogrodu]]
 +
[[Kategoria:Zmarli w 1237]]
 
[[Kategoria:Zmarli w XIII wieku]]
 
[[Kategoria:Zmarli w XIII wieku]]
−
 
−
[[Kategoria:Nieprzetłumaczone]]
 

Wersja z 13:12, 3 lis 2019

Za: [1]

Strona Autorzy Nota
[2] [3] Ten artykuł został przetłumaczony z Wikipedii w języku angielskim. Treści pochodzące z Wikipedii w języku angielskim są oparte na licencji Creative Commons 3.0 – Uznanie Autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach. Kopiując je lub tłumacząc, należy podać ich autorów i udostępnić na tych samych warunkach.
Poprzednik: Ban Slawonii
(1213) 		Następca:
Hont-Pázmány Márton Atyusz III. Atyusz
Poprzednik: Ban Slawonii
(1219) 		Następca:
Bár-Kalán Bánk Atyusz Salamon
Poprzednik: Ban Slawonii
(1229-1234) 		Następca:
Valeginus
i Atyusz Salamon		 Gutkeled Apaj
Poprzednik: Wojewoda Siedmiogrodu
(1201) 		Następca:
Geregye I. Eth I. Miklós
Poprzednik: Sędzia królewski
(1202-1204) 		Następca:
Achilleus Smaragd
Poprzednik: Sędzia królewski
(1212–1213) 		Następca:
Tétény Marcell Hont-Pázmány Márton
Poprzednik: Wojewoda Siedmiogrodu
(1214) 		Następca:
II. Miklós Kacsics Simon
Poprzednik: Palatyn Królestwa Węgier
(1215-1217) 		Następca:
Szák Miklós Szák Miklós
Poprzednik: Palatyn Królestwa Węgier
(1222-1226) 		Następca:
Csanád Tódor Szák Miklós


Julius (I) from the kindred Kán (; died 1237) was a powerful Hungarian baron and landowner, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings Emeric, Ladislaus III and Andrew II. He was the ancestor of the gens Kán which originated from Baranya County.[1]

Career

Julius I married to the unknown surname Helena (died before 1250). They had two sons, by name Ladislaus I, who served as palatine (1242–1244/5), and Julius II, master of the cupbearers (1222–1228).[1]

His name was first mentioned by records as voivode of Transylvania in 1201.[2][3] Besides voivodeship he also functioned as ispán (comes) of Fehér County.[4] He held the office of judge royal between 1202 and 1204, besides that he was the ispán of Csanád (1202–1203) and Nyitra Counties (1204).[1][5]

After the death of Ladislaus III, he became an ardent admirer of Andrew II. He served as ispán of Sopron County in 1205.[6] After that he was appointed ispán of Bodrog County in 1206, a position which he held until 1212.[1][7] Between 1212 and 1213, he again became judge royal, besides that he received the manor of Bács County as ispán.[5] In 1213, he was appointed ban of Slavonia and ispán of Vas County.[8] One year later, he became voivode of Transylvania for the second term, besides that he functioned as ispán of Szolnok County.[2][3]

Julius I Kán was appointed palatine of Hungary, the second-highest secular office after the king in 1215 and held the position until 1217. According to a non-authentic charter he also functioned as palatine in 1218. He also served as ispán of Sopron County in 1215.[9] During Andrew II's Fifth Crusade (1217–1218), Julius could not prevent the emergence of anarchical conditions, as a result he lost his political influence for a short time.[1]

He regained his former influence, as he was appointed ban of Slavonia and ispán of Somogy County in 1219.[8] He served as ispán of Szolnok and Bodrog Counties from 1220 to 1221.[10] In 1221, he became a member of the queen's court, as the master of the treasury and judge royal for Queen Yolanda de Courtenay.[1] One year later he was appointed palatine for the second time (1222–1226) and ispán of Bodrog County (1222–1224). He served as ispán of Sopron County between 1224 and 1226.[9] This latter position was also held by Julius from 1228 to 1230.[11] For the third time, he functioned as ban of Slavonia between 1229 and 1235. Meanwhile, he held the position of judge royal for the queen, secondly, in 1232.[12]

After the death of Andrew II (1235), he had been disgraced and was imprisoned by the new king, Béla IV of Hungary. He died in captivity in 1237. Julius I founded the Nekcseszentmárton (Martin, Croatia) estate of the Knights Templar.[1]

Identification

The above career is consistent and gapless, thus can refer to a single person, nevertheless it is not free from doubts: it may arise, that Julius during the rule of Emeric was a different person from Julius, baron of Andrew II, because of the political-historical conditions (prince Andrew rebelled against his older brother's reign). However this theory is can be eliminated by the possibility that Julius was also a secret supporter of prince Andrew, as many others.[13]

It is neither reassuring that Julius' career began with too high positions, without the introductory section of smaller offices. Historian Mór Wertner identified all occurring Julius with the person from the kindred Kán during the first decades of the 13th century, unless he had no reason to act differently. In contrast, János Karácsonyi gave an overview about Julius I Kán's career from the year of 1219, when he was already easily distinguishable from Julius I Rátót, judge royal (1219–1221; 1235–1239) and voivode of Transylvania (1229–1231).[13]

Źródła

  • Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. .
  • (Po węgiersku) Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon ("The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia") (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., Budapest; .
  • (Po węgiersku) Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest.

Kán I. Gyula

— Ban Slawonii
Wojewoda Siedmiogrodu
Sędzia królewski
Palatyn Królestwa Węgier		 —
Ban Slawonii
Okres od (1) 1213, (2) 1219, (3) 1229
do (1) 1213, (2) 1219, (3) 1234
Poprzednik 1. Hont-Pázmány Márton
2. Bár-Kalán Bánk
3. Valeginus
3. Atyusz Salamon
Następca 1. Atyusz III. Atyusz
2. Atyusz Salamon
3. Gutkeled Apaj
Wojewoda Siedmiogrodu
Okres (1) 1213, (2) 1219, (3) 1229
Poprzednik 1. Geregye I. Eth
2. II. Miklós
Następca 1. I. Miklós
2. Kacsics Simon
Sędzia królewski
Okres od (1) 1202, (2) 1212
do (1) 1204, (2) 1213
Poprzednik 1. Achilleus
2. Tétény Marcell
Następca 1. Smaragd
2. Hont-Pázmány Márton]]
Palatyn Królestwa Węgier
Okres od (1) 1215, (2) 1222
do (1) 1217, (2) 1226
Poprzednik 1. Szák Miklós
2. Csanád Tódor
Następca 1. Szák Miklós
2. Szák Miklós
Dane biograficzne
Ród Kán
Pochodzenie węgierskie
Państwo Królestwo Węgier
w unii personalnej
z Królestwem Chorwacji
Urodziny data nieznana
Śmierć 1237
Żona Helena
Dzieci I. László
II. Gyula

Przypisy

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Markó 2006, p. 235.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Zsoldos 2011, p. 37.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Engel 2001, p. 381.
  4. ↑ Zsoldos 2011, p. 151.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Zsoldos 2011, p. 28.
  6. ↑ Zsoldos 2011, p. 196.
  7. ↑ Zsoldos 2011, p. 141.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Zsoldos 2011, p. 43.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Zsoldos 2011, p. 18.
  10. ↑ Zsoldos 2011, p. 210.
  11. ↑ Zsoldos 2011, p. 197.
  12. ↑ Zsoldos 2011, p. 44.
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Zsoldos 2011, p. 306.
Źródło: „http://natusiewicz.pl/felczak/index.php?title=Kán_I._Gyula&oldid=9941”