Zrinski (ród)

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Zrinski
{{{native_name }}}

Język {{{native_name_lang}}}
Inne nazwy {{{other_name}}}
{{{caption}}}
{{{caption}}}
Przodkowie House of Šubić
Dynastia {{{type}}}
Kraj Kingdom of Croatia (in union with Hungary)
Kingdom of Hungary
Posiadłości {{{estates}}}
Tytulatura Count of Zrin[1][2]
Ban of Croatia[3][4]
Tytuły {{{styles}}}
Początek {{{founded}}}
Założyciel Juraj I Zrinski (although his uncle Grgur II Šubić of Bribir was the first lord of Zrin, acting on behalf of his minor nephew, Juraj III Šubić of Bribir was the first to call himself Zrinski)[4]
Ostatni Ivan Antun Zrinski[4]
Aktualny {{{current head}}}
Koniec 1703[3]
deposition {{{deposition}}}
Pochodzenie {{{ethnicity}}}
Młodsze gałęzie {{{cadet branches}}}
Uwagi {{{notes}}}

Zrinski () was a Croatian-Hungarian noble family,[5][6][7] a cadet branch of the Croatian noble tribe of Šubić, influential during the period in history marked by the Ottoman wars in Europe in the Kingdom of Croatia's union with the Kingdom of Hungary and in the later Kingdom of Croatia as a part Habsburg Monarchy. Notable members of this family were Bans of Croatia, considered national heroes in both Croatia and Hungary, and were particularly celebrated during the period of Romanticism, a movement which was called Zrinijada in Croatia.

History

The Zrinski (), meaning "those of Zrin", are a branch of the Šubić family, which arose when king Louis I of Hungary needed some of the Šubićs' fortresses for his coming wars against Venice, and the city of Zadar in particular.

In 1347, Louis I took their estates around Bribir in Dalmatia and gave them the Zrin estate with Zrin Castle, located south of the modern city of Petrinja and west of Hrvatska Kostajnica, in what was then Slavonia and is today the Croatian region of Banovina.[8] Since that time they are known as the "Counts of Zrin" in historical sources.[3][1][2] Later, their power steadily increased, so that they acquired the territory between the rivers Krka and Zrmanja and the sea by the 13th century. At the outset of the 14th century, Paul I Šubić of Bribir was the longest-ruling Ban of Croatia (1275–1312), as well as lord of all of Bosnia (1305–1312). His son was Paul II Šubić of Bribir.

Paul I's grandson was the first Zrinski, Juraj III. Šubić of Bribir, who took the title Juraj I. Zrinski. His cousin, countess Jelena Šubić, was at the same time married to Vladislav Kotromanić. Their first-born child, Tvrtko I, became the Ban of Bosnia and from 1377 the King of Bosnia. Their niece and adopted daughter, Elizabeta Kotromanić (Elisabeth of Bosnia), married Louis I the Great. Elizabeth's and Louis' daughters succeeded their father and became queens in their own right, as Mary of Hungary and Jadwiga of Poland.

Plik:Castle Zrin, Croatia-4.JPG
Ruins of Zrin Castle, Croatia.

The Zrinskis were Croats and played a crucial role in the history of the Croatian state, both before their arrival in Zrin and later. On the other hand, they are also identified as hungarus or natio hungarica, which means "somebody from the Kingdom of Hungary", regardless of the language spoken and nationality. They were among many noble families in the Kingdom of Hungary. In the 16th century, Ban Nikola Šubić Zrinski gained dominion over Međimurje County in the northernmost part of Croatia with its capital Čakovec. Because they lived, worked, and intermarried with nobility from all parts of the multiethnic kingdom, it was natural and expected that they should be fluent in four or five languages. It is certain, that Nikola Zrinski spoke at least Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Turkish and of course Latin. It is of interest that he was the most prominent Hungarian poet in the 17th century, while his brother Peter is known for his poems in Croatian language.

Among the many notable personalities of the family, there were a few women. Katarina Zrinska (1625–1673), a noted poet, was born in the Frankopan family, and, having married Petar Zrinski, became the member of the Zrinski family. Her daughter, Jelena Zrinska, was the wife of Francis I Rákóczi, the prince of Transylvania.

The Zrinski and the Frankopan families were the two most prominent noble families in Croatia in 16th and 17th century and they both perished in 1671 when Petar Zrinski and Fran Krsto Frankopan were charged with treason by the Emperor Leopold I, owing it to their role in the so-called Zrinski-Frankopan Plot (in Hungarian historiography called the Wesselényi Plot), and executed in Wiener Neustadt. The estates of Zrinski and Frankopan families were confiscated and their surviving members relocated.

The remains of Petar Zrinski and Fran Krsto Frankopan were transferred from Austria to Croatia in 1919 and buried in the Zagreb Cathedral.

The last male Zrinski descendants were Adam Zrinski (1662–1691), son of Nikola Zrinski, a Habsburg Monarchy army lieutenant-colonel. He inherited from his father the large and valuable "Bibliotheca Zriniana". Died in the Battle of Slankamen in 1691, accidentally shot in his back by one of his fellow soldiers. Ivan Antun Zrinski (1654–1703), son of Petar Zrinski and Katarina Zrinska, was Habsburg army officer, who was accused of high treason and died after years in dungeons.

Family's survival

Although was generally considered that the family became extinct, it still remains a matter of debate.[9] According to oral tradition, there was a Zrinski member, Martin Zrinski (1462–1508), who was hidden by the Habsburgs in a Venetian army as an officer of a cavalry in the 16th century and the Venetian Republic sent him as Martino Zdrin (or Sdrigna) to island of Cephalonia in Greece where he eventually settled, and the family was recorded in the gold book of island's nobility as Sdrin, Sdrinia, Sdrigna, and Zrin. The family Sdrinias, with almost the same coat of arms, still exists in Greece and was accepted in the Croatian Nobility Association with the highest noble status.[10][11] The survival is supported by seven letters (two written by Maria Sdrin) and photographs from Greece signed by Contessa & Conte K. Sdrin and Conte Gerasimo N. Sdrini, and on behind Suvenire S. N. Sdriny Marsullela 7/20/6 1913. Madame Evangelini Tsimara Mavrata Ceffalonia.[9]

Bans

The family produced four Bans of Croatia (viceroys):

Legacy of Zrinski

Plik:Oton Ivekovic, Nikola Subic Zrinski.jpg
Portrait of Nikola Šubić Zrinski by Oton Iveković.

Literature and theatre

Paintings

Zrinski family was often topic in the paintings of Oton Iveković.

  • Nikola Zrinski pred Sigetom
  • Oproštaj Zrinskog i Frankopana od Katarine Zrinske
  • Juriš Nikole Zrinskog iz Sigeta
  • Miklós Barabás: Miklós Zrinyi
  • Viktor Madarász: Miklós Zrinyi

Sculptures

Engineering

Navy

Holdings

Some castles which were propriety of the family. Some castles, like Dubovac, Kraljevica, Ozalj, Severin na Kupi and others were jointly owned with Frankopan family.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Von Zrin (Zrinski). Arcanum Database Ltd.. (Hozzáférés: 2017-10-28)
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Zrinski, Petar Graf. Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas (online edition). (Hozzáférés: 2017-10-28)
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Obitelj Zrinski. ARHiNET (digital archive information system of Croatian State Archives). (Hozzáférés: 2017-10-28)
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Zrinski. Croatian Encyclopedia by Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography (online edition). (Hozzáférés: 2017-10-28)
  5. ↑ Piotr Stefan Wandycz: The Price of Freedom: A History of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present, 2nd edition, Routledge, London, 1992 [1]
  6. ↑ Dominic Baker-Smith, A. J. Hoenselaars, Arthur F. Kinney: Challenging Humanism: Essays in Honor of Dominic Baker-Smith, Rosemont Publishing & Printing Corp., 2010 [2]
  7. ↑ Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer (editors): History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe, Volume 1, John-Benjamin Publishing Company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2004 [3]
  8. ↑ Zrínyi (croato Zrinski). Treccani - Enciclopedia Italiana (online edition). (Hozzáférés: 2017-10-28)
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}
  10. ↑ Obitelj Sdrinias. Croatian Nobility Association (plemstvo.hr). (Hozzáférés: 2017-10-28)
  11. ↑ Szablon:Cite news

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External links

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Hrvatska velikaška obitelj
Zrinski
250px|Grb Petra Zrinskog
Grb Petra Zrinskog
Država Hrvatska, Ugarska
Etničko podrijetlo hrvatsko
Matična kuća Šubići
Naslovi knezovi, grofovi
Utemeljenje 14. stoljeće
Utemeljitelj Juraj I. Zrinski
Izumrli 1703.

Zrinski su hrvatska velikaška obitelj koja je tijekom srednjeg vijeka, sve do kraja 17. stoljeća značajno utjecala na politički, kulturni i društveni život u Hrvatskoj.

Povijest

Podrijetlo knezova Zrinskih

Počeci uspona obitelji sežu u 12. stoljeće, kada knezovi Bribirski iz starog hrvatskog plemena Šubića, zajedno s predstavnicima ostalih hrvatskih velikaških rodova, sklapaju državni ugovor (Pacta Conventa) s ugarskim kraljem Kolomanom iz dinastije Arpadovića. Vrhunac dosižu početkom 14. stoljeća za vladavine Pavla I. Šubića Bribirskog koji je nosio časti bana Hrvata i gospodara Bosne te pod svojom vlašću imao cjelokupni prostor stare Hrvatske.

Moć obitelji Šubić skršili su vladari iz Anžuvinske dinastije već u sljedećem naraštaju, za banovanja Pavlovog sina Mladena II. Godine 1347. bili su prisiljeni predati strateški važnu utvrdu Ostrovicu s Lučkom županijom, za koju je kralj Ludovik I. Anžuvinac, Grguru IV. i njegovom štičeniku Jurju III. Bribirskom, osnivaču loze Zrinskih (kao Juraj I. Zrinski), predao utvrđeni grad Zrin, na Zrinskoj gori u tadašnjoj Slavoniji, koji je postao sjedište obitelji. Od tada se taj odvjetak roda Šubića počinje nazivati knezovima Zrinskim.[1]

Uspon obitelji Zrinski

[[Slika:Castle Zrin, Croatia-4.JPG|250px|desno|mini|Ruševine utvrde Zrin]] [[Slika:Stari grb Zrinskih (do 1554).JPG|250px|desno|mini|Stari grb Zrinskih, iskovan na srebrnom taliru Nikole III. u Gvozdanskom početkom 16. stoljeća]] [[Slika:Grb obitelji Zrinski.jpg|250px|desno|mini|Novi grb obitelji kojeg je dobio Nikola IV. (Sigetski) od kralja Ferdinanda 1554. godine]] mini|desno|250px|Simon Hollósy (1896.): Zrinski u napadu. Po dolasku u Slavoniju i novo sjedište Zrin, obitelj je postupno širila posjede između gornje Kupe i Une.[2] Tako su u drugoj polovici 15. stoljeća posjedovali vlastelinstva Pedalj, Gvozdansko, Pastuški grad, Završki grad, Stupnički grad, Semidraž, Jamnički grad, Dobriljin i Podmilanski grad.

Sve do kraja 15. stoljeća obitelj se nije previše isticala u javnom životu Hrvatske.[3] Održavala je veze s ostalim članovima roda Bribirskih, pa je tako Petar I. (1400.-1440) baštinio posjede Jakova Bribirskog.[4]

Zrinski su od 16. stoljeća, uz Frankapane, bili najmoćnija hrvatska velikaška obitelj. Uspon obitelji započeo je s Nikolom III. († 1534.) koji je znatno proširio posjede na račun Vranskog priorata i baštine bana Ivana Karlovića s kojim je sklopio baštinski ugovor nakon vjenčanja s njegovom kćerkom Jelenom.[5]

Na saboru u Cetinu 1526. godine podupirao je Ferninanda Habsburškog. Njegovi sinovi bili su Nikola IV. Šubić Zrinski († 1566.) i Ivan I. († 1541.), istaknuti protuturski ratnici koji su za odanost dinastiji nagrađeni posjedima i gradovima Kostajnica, Medvedgrad, Čakovec i Međimurje, Ozalj i Bakar.[6] U to vrijeme sjedište obitelji postaje grad Čakovec. Preuzimanjem novih stečevina posjedi obitelji Zrinski protezali su se od Mure do Jadrana.

Nikolini sinovi Juraj IV. (1549.-1603.) i Nikola V. (1559.-1605.) bili su pristaše protestantizma, dok su se Jurjevi sinovi Nikola VI. († 1625.) i Juraj V. (1589.-1626.), hrvatski ban i sudionik Tridesetogodišnjeg rata, vratili katoličkoj vjeri.[7]

Vrhunac moći i pad

Sinovi bana Jurja, Nikola VII. (1620.-1664.) i Petar IV. (1621.-1671.), hrvatski banovi, bili su istaknuti protuturski ratnici u 17. stoljeću. Nasilni kraj obitelji u drugoj polovici 17. stoljeća uzrokovan je sukobom s bečkim dvorom, poznatim kao urota zrinsko-frankopanska koji je izbio zbog nezadovoljstva hrvatskih i ugarskih velikaša politikom centralizacije i germanizacije.[8]

Posljednji ban iz roda Zrinskih, Petar IV., ubijen je u Bečkom Novom Mjestu 30. travnja 1671. godine zajedno sa svojim šurjakom Franom Krstom Frankopanom. Petrova supruga Katarina i njihov Ivan Antun Baltazar Zrinski († 1703.) proveli su ostatak života zatočeni u tamnici u Grazu. Njihovi posjedi su opljačkani i predani Dvoru.

Nikolin sin Adam Zrinski zadržao je svoje posjede i časti, no poginuo je 1691. u bici kod Slankamena ne ostavivši potomke nakon čega su i njegovi posjedi pripali bečkom dvoru.

Slomom obitelji Zrinski i njihovim nestankom s povijesne scene znatno se umanjila otpornost hrvatskog plemstva da se odupre centralističkim tendencijama bečkog dvora.

Grčki ogranak Zrinskih

Krajem 20. stoljeća pojavile su se vijesti o postojanju grčke loze obitelji Zrinski. Te tvrdnje do danas nisu znanstveno valorizirane, iako je Hrvatski plemićki zbor, krovna udruga hrvatskog plemstva, potvrdio autentičnost njihova podrijetla.[9] Prema tradiciji grčke obitelji Sdrinias, u 16. stoljeću je jedan pripadnik obitelji Zrinski imenom Martin stupio u službu Mletačke Republike i bio imenovan vojnim zapovjednikom na otoku Kefalonija.[10] Podatak o tome zabilježen je u Libro D'Oro (Zlatna knjiga) kefalonskog plemstva u kojoj se prezime navodi u oblicima Sdrin, Sdrinia, Sdrigna i Zrin.[11]

U drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća jedan ogranak obitelji preselio se u Atenu, dok su drugi članovi ostali na Kefaloniji. Potomak jednog od članova grčke obitelji, Dionisios Sdrinias, živi danas u Grčkoj.

Vidi još

Bilješke

  1. ↑ Opća i nacionalna enciklopedija u 20 svezaka, str. 398.
  2. ↑ http://arhinet.arhiv.hr/_Generated/Pages/Stvaratelji.PublicDetails.aspx?ItemId=11053
  3. ↑ Hrvatska opća enciklopedija, str. 777.
  4. ↑ Hrvatska opća enciklopedija, str. 777.
  5. ↑ Opća i nacionalna enciklopedija u 20 svezaka, str. 398.
  6. ↑ Opća i nacionalna enciklopedija u 20 svezaka, str. 398.
  7. ↑ Opća i nacionalna enciklopedija u 20 svezaka, str. 398.
  8. ↑ Opća i nacionalna enciklopedija u 20 svezaka, str. 399.
  9. ↑ http://plemstvo.hr/sdrinias-ob.htm
  10. ↑ http://www.croatianhistory.net/etf/subich.html
  11. ↑ http://www.croatianhistory.net/etf/subich.html

Literatura

  • Hrvatska opća enciklopedija, sv. XI, LZMK, Zageb, 2009. ISBN 978-953-6036-41-7
  • Opća i nacionalna enciklopedija u 20 svezaka, sv. XX, Zagreb, 2007. ISBN 978-953-7224-20-5

mini|desno|220px|lijevo|Autografi Nikole i Petra Zrinskog

Obiteljsko rodoslovlje

  • A. Pavao II. Šubić Bribirski, knez trogirski i ostrovički († srpanj 1346.); supruga: Elizabeta Frankopan († poslije 1347.),
  • B1. Juraj I. Zrinski ( = Juraj III. Šubić Bribirski) (†1361.), od kralja Ludovika I. Anžuvinca dobio utvrdu Zrin u zamjenu za Ostrovicu kod Bribira
  • C1. Elizabeta I.; ∞ suprug: Tomislav Kurjaković, knez Krbavski (unuk Kurjaka Gusića iz starohrvatskog roda Gusića)
  • C2. Pavao I., (*1357, †Zagreb, 1414); ∞ 1.supruga: nepoznata; 2.supruga: Elizabeta
  • D1. [1. brak] Petar I., oko 1408-40.
  • F1. Nikola II., *1451.
  • E4. Katarina I.
  • E5. Klara
  • E6. Margareta II., 1442-1488.
  • E7. Ilka 1442-88
  • E8. Martin
  • E9. Petar II., (* oko 1435, †Udbina (Krbavska bitka), 9. rujna 1493.); ∞ 1.supruga: kneginja Jelena Babonić Blagajska; 2.supruga: nepoznata
  • G2. Jelena; ∞ suprug: Ivan Karlović, knez Krbavski ("Torquatus"), hrvatski ban (†1531), posljednji potomak iz roda Kurjakovića, proisteklog iz starog hrvatskog plemena Gusića
  • G3. Margareta
  • G4. Bernard
  • G5. [2. brak] Nikola III., (*1489., †Zrin, 1534); ∞ supruga -od 1509.: kneginja Jelena Karlović Krbavska, sestra bana Ivana Karlovića
  • K3. [2. brak] Barbara
  • K4. [2. brak] Elizabeta II.; suprug: Toma Erdödy
  • K5. [2. brak] Suzana; 1. suprug: Albert Lenković; 2. suprug: grof Nikola Nádasdy
  • I6. Petar III., † Beč, 1547
  • D2. [2. brak] Nikola I., †1439
  • D3. Ana I., *1410
  • D4. Margareta I., *1410

Vanjske poveznice

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Zrinski

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